roughen 的意思：使粗糙；使变粗糙；使…变粗糙。

释义：

1.v. 使变得粗糙；弄皱；弄乱

2.adj. 粗糙的；粗野的

用法：

1.The sand roughened the bottom of the boat. 沙子使小船的底部变得粗糙不平。

2.The waves roughened the surface of the sea. 海面变得波涛汹涌。

双语翻译：I'm sorry, but I don't quite understand what you mean when you said to roughen up the surface of the table.（很抱歉，我不太明白你所说的把桌子表面弄粗糙的意思。）

音标：英 [ˈrʊfən] 美 [ˈrʊfən] 。

roughen 的意思：

使粗糙；使变粗

（使）变粗野

roughen 的用法：

1. roughen 通常用作不及物动词，表示使某物变粗糙或变粗野。

2. roughen 可以接形容词或动词不定式充当补足语的复合结构。

双语翻译：

He rubbed the sand over the rough surface to smooth it out. 他将沙子涂在粗糙的表面上，使其变得光滑。

The children's behavior has been roughened by the tough life they lead. 孩子们的行为因为他们的艰苦生活而变得粗鲁。

常见用法：be roughened up，表示“被粗暴对待”的意思。

例句：The sand was roughened by the wind and became more difficult to walk on. 风将沙子吹得粗糙不平，使得行走更加困难。

roughen 的意思：

使粗糙；使变粗

（使）变粗硬

roughen 的释义：

1. vt. 使粗糙；使变粗

2. vi. 变粗糙；变粗硬

roughen 的用法：

用作动词 (v.)，可以接名词、代词作宾语，也可接形容词作宾语。可用于被动结构。

双语翻译举例：

1. The sand on the beach was roughened by the waves. 海滩上的沙子被海浪冲刷得变得粗糙不平。

2. The wind roughened the surface of the lake. 风吹得湖面起了波纹。

常见短语：

1. roughen up 使粗糙

2. roughen up (oneself) 使变粗鲁

3. roughen one's temper 使某人发脾气

4. roughen the surface of 弄平表面

5. roughen up the surface of sth 使某物表面变粗糙

6. roughen one's voice 变粗嗓子

7. The sand was roughened by the wind. 风把沙子吹得粗糙不平。

8. The surface of the lake was roughened by the rain. 雨水把湖面弄得很粗糙。

9. The sand was roughened by the waves and became more difficult to walk on. 波浪把沙子冲刷得更加粗糙，走起来更加困难。

10. The wind had roughened his face and hands. 风使他的脸和手变得粗糙。