反意疑问句 2013届中考英语语法考点知识复习15.doc
反意疑问句综述
反意疑问句提出情况或看法,问对方同不同意,这种问句都由两部分组成,前一部分用陈述句的形式,后一部分是一个附着在前一部分上的简短问句。
1.一般情况下,如陈述句中含有助动词、情态动词或系动词be, 则在附加疑问句中应重复此助动词、情态动词或系动词be, 问句中的主语应与前面陈述句的主语同指一个(些)人或物。如:
He has finished his homework, hasn’t he?
She can’t swim, can she?
Mary is a college student, isn’t she?
2.如陈述句部分中谓语动词仅为实义动词。则应借助于助动词do 的适当形式引导问句。附加疑问句部分的主语与陈述句的主语一致。如:
You went home yesterday, didn’t you?
He likes playing basketball, doesn’t he?
3.如陈述句部分是 I 引导的主系表结构组成,附加疑问句部分的主语仍用第一人称单数,但谓语动词应用are的某种形式,一般不用am。如:
I’m a teacher, aren’t I / ain’t I?
4.若陈述句部分为祈使句,则附加疑问句部分中用will you 或 won’t you。如:
Be quick, won’t you / will you?
Let us have a rest, will you / won’t you?
但如陈述句部分为否定祈使句,附加疑问句部分用will you。如:
Don’t smoke here, will you?
Don’t make so mush noise, will you?
如果陈述句部分为let’s 开头的祈使句,附加疑问句部分用“shall we?”。如:
Let’s stop here, shall we?
5.如陈述句部分含有hardly, seldom, never, little, few, never等否定意义的词时,附加疑问句部分要用肯定形式。如:
He hardly raised his head, did he?
She is never here on time, is she?
6.如陈述句部分的主语为nothing, nobody, none, no one 等含有否定意义的不定代词时,附加疑问句部分用肯定形式。如:
Nothing has happened, has it?
No one knows about it, does he?
7.如陈述句部分的主语为表示物的不定代词everything, something, nothing, anything等时,附加疑问句部分主语应是it。如:
Nothing has been taken away, has it?
Everything is right, isn’t it?
8.陈述句部分的主语为表示人的不定代词no one, someone, nobody, everyone, anybody, anyone等时,附加疑问句部分主语用they 或 he。如:
Everybody knows how to do it, don’t they/ doesn’t he?
Nobody was there, wasn’t he / weren’t they?
9.如陈述句部分的谓动词或表语是通过加前缀构成的否定词,附加疑问句部分用否定形式。如:
He is unfit for the job, isn’t he?
They discovered the secret, didn’t they?
It is unnecessary to write down all the words and phrases, isn’t it?
10.陈述句部分的主语是“none+of+ n.”, 附加疑问句部分的谓语在人称和数上应和这个名词保持一致。如:
None of the students went there, did they?
None of the dish smells good, does it?
11. 陈述句部分是一个复合句,附加疑问句部分的主语谓语在人称和数上一般与主句保持一致。如:
He said he would help me, didn’t he?
You promised that you would do me a favour, didn’t you?
12.在复合句中,如果主句的主语是I,谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, guess等时,附加疑问句部分的主语和谓语应和从句保持一致。当主句或从句中出现否定词时,则附加疑问句部分一律用肯定形式。如:
I don’t think you are right, are you?
I believe he will come today, won’t he?
I suppose you know him, don’t you?
13.陈述句部分的谓语动词是wish,附加疑问句部分应用“may+主语”。如:
I wish to go there tomorrow, may I?
I wish to have a word w ith you, may I?
14.陈述句部分是there be 句型时,附加疑问句部分主语用“be there”的适当形式。 如:
There are a lot of students in the hall, aren’t there?
There won’t be any trouble, will there?
There is something wrong, isn’t there?
15.陈述句部分的主语为this 或that,附加疑问句部分的主语用代词it;如果是these 或those,用they。如:
This is a desk, isn’t it?
These are books, aren’t they?
16.当动词不定式、动名词短语、从句作主语时,附加疑问句部分主语用it,谓语动词由陈述句部分决定。如:
To see is to believe, isn’t it?
What he said is true, isn’t it?
Where to hold the meeting has not been decided, has it?
Learning how to repair motors takes a long time, doesn’t it?
17.如果陈述句部分由两个或以上的并列句组成,则附加疑问句部分的主谓语应和最后一个分句保持一致。如: He studies hard and he is the best one in his class, isn’t he?
He got up late, and he didn’t arrive on time, did he?
He has been wr iting letters all afternoon, and he should be finished, shouldn’t he?
18.当陈述句部分含有情态动词must,且表示推测意义“一定”、“想必”时,附加疑问句部分不能用must,而应根据陈述句部分的不定式结构采用相应的主动词或助动词。
(1) must be, must be doing 的反意问句用be not 的简略式。如:
He must be your friend, isn’t he?
They must be huntin g in the mountains, aren’t they?
(2) must +have done (been) 时,若动作在过去发生,用didn’t / wasn’t / weren’t;若动作延续但现在或已经完成,则用haven’t/ hasn’t。如:
He must have been a schoolboy when the war broke out, wasn’t he?
He must have joined the army when he left home, didn’t he?
Charlie must have worked here for 12 years, hasn’t he?
It’s one o’clock in the afternoon. They must have had lunch, haven’t they?
(3) must+动词原型(be,have除外),用do / does / did not 的简略式,若must 后接表示 “有”的意思的have,则用have / has / had not 或 do / did/ dose not皆可。如:
He must feel terrible, doesn’t he?
You must have a lot of jewels, haven’t / don’t you?
19.当陈述句部分的must 表示“必须”时,附加疑问句部分用mustn’t; must 表示“有 必要”时,附加疑问句部分用needn’t;mustn’t 表示“禁止”时,附加疑问句部分一般用must,有时用may。如:
You must work hard next term, mustn’t you?
I must answer the letter, mustn’t it?
You must go back right now, needn’t you?
You mustn’t walk on grass, must you?
20.当陈述句部分含有情态动词ought to 时,附加疑问句部分可以用oughtn’t ( in British English),也可以用shouldn’t(in American English)。如:
You ought to go there, oughtn’t you / shouldn’t you?
21.当陈述句部分含有情态动词need,dare 时,如果need, dare 为情态动词,则附加疑问句部分应重复此动词;如果是实意动词时,则要借助助动词do。如:
You dare to swim in the sea, don’t you?
He needn’t say sorry to me, need he?
22.当陈述句部分的谓语动词是have 时,附加疑问句部分应视不同情况采用不同形式。
(1) have意为“有”时,附加疑问句部分采用have或do 的形式。如:
She has two children, hasn’t she?/doesn’t she?
She doesn’t have a new bike, does she?
(2) 其他情况下,则应借助于do。如:
They had a meeting here yesterday, didn’t they?
23.陈述句部分以代词one 作主语时,附加疑问句部分在正式场合用one,非正式的用you。如:
One can’t be too careful, can one (canyou )?
24.陈述句部分用had better结构时,附加疑问句部分用had。如:
You had better finish the experiment, hadn’t you?
25. 陈述句部分用have to do sth. 结构时,附加疑问句部分借助于助动词do的适当形式。 如:
I have to do the work now, don’t I?
She had to give up the plan, didn’tshe?
We have to finish th e compositio n in class, don’t we?
26.当陈述句部分用used to 时,附加疑问句部分用used to形式或did形式。如:
He used to have a walk after supper, usedn’t he / didn’t he?
27.陈述句部分是感叹句时,附加疑问句部分应用否定形式,其主语取决于表示感叹的对象采用相应的代词,且用动词be的现在时。如:
What a lovely day, isn’t it?
What colours, aren’t they?
What a stupid boy, isn’t he?
How delighted, isn’t he?
28.陈述句部分用neither...nor...,either...or...并列主语时,附加疑问句部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。如:
Neither you nor I am an engineer, are we?
Neither you or he studies politics, don’t they?
29.当对某人的话表示怀疑或讽刺时,用简略的形式重复对方的话,然后再加上反意问句,陈述句部分和附加疑问句部分的形式应取得一致,要么都肯定,要么都否定。如:
Jack: Tom told me he saw a snake last night.
Mary: He did , did he?
30.陈述句部分有语气词so, ah, oh等时,附加疑问句部分与陈述句部分应该同为肯定或否定,这类反意问句往往带有感情色彩。 如:
So you are a student, are you?
So she can’t swim, can’t she?