2010届中考英语 定语从句详解

减小字体 增大字体 作者:本站收集整理  来源:本站收集整理  发布时间:2010-06-15 09:48:22
    例1:This is the detective who came from London.例2:The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.例3:The desk whose leg is broken is very old.例4:This is the room that Shakespeare was born in.限制性定语从句:关系代词的用法(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none, few等不定代词,关系代词一般只用that,不用which.例如:All the people that are present burst into tears.(2) 如果先等词被形容词最高级、序数词以及first, last, any, only, the same, few, much, no, some, very等词修饰,关系代词常用that,不用which, who,或whom.例如:Shanghai is the biggest city (that) I have ever seen. This is the only book (that) I want to borrow. It's the third time (that) I have been here. This is the same book that you bought yesterday.(3)先行词有两个,一个指人,一个指物,关系代词應该用that.例如:The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句中往往有逗号,不能用关系代词that,只能用which(物)或who(人),作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如:There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom are well educated. which还有一种特殊用法,它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句,代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在這种从句中,which可以作主语,也可以作宾语或表语,多数情况下意思是与and this 相似,并可以指人。例如:He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.
    "介词+关系代词"是一个普遍使用的结构(1) "介词+关系代词"可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句。"介词+关系代词"结构中的介词可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等,关系代词只可用whom或 which,不可用 that . This room where /in which I have lived faces the south. This room at which/where I stand lived an old man. He built a telescope through where /which he could study the skies. This is the man whom / for whom we are looking.(2) from where为"介词+关系副词"结构,但也可以引导定语从句。例如:We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town……
    (3) 像listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定短语动词,在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如:This is the boy whom she has taken care of.二。关系副词引导的定语从句1.关系副词也可以引导定语从句关系副词在从句中分別表示时间。地点或原因。关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语,where 充当地点状语,why充当原因状语。
    2. that可引导定语从句表示时间。地点或原因That有时可以代替关系副词 when, where 或者why引导定语从句表示时间。地点或原因,在 that引导的這种定语从句中,that也可以省去。
 

    三。限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1.二者差异比较限制定语从句紧跟先行词,同先行词這间一般不加逗号,仅修饰先行词,可以由关系代词。关系副词或that来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明,用逗号与主句隔开,既可修饰先行词,又可修饰整个主句,不可用that引导。
    2.关系代词和关系副词的选择依据(1) 弄清代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分,作状语的應选用关系副词(when, where),作主语。宾语或表语的可选用关系代词(that, who, which, whom)。
    3.  先行词与定语从句隔离定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之後,但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入別的成分,构成先行词与定语从句的隔离。例如:1) This is the article written by him that Is poke to you about……
    2) He was the only person in this country who was invited四。As在定语从句中的用法1. 引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句(1)as多与such 或the same連用,可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。
    (2)as 也可单独使用,引导非限制性定语从句,作用相当于which.例如:The elephant's nose is like a snake, as anybody can see. 3)the same… that与 the same …as在意思上是不同的。
    2.As引导的非限制性定语从句的位置as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活,可以位于主句前面。中间或後面,一般用逗号与主句隔开,但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之後。例如:(1) As is expected, the England team won the football match.(2) The earth runs around the sun, as is known by everyone.

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