2010年中考英语考点精讲归纳
lie有两个意思,一个是“说谎”,过去式和过去分词是在词尾加-d;另一个是“躺,卧;位于”,是不规则动词,其过去式和过去分词是lay、lain,现在分词是lying。
lay意思是“放;孵(蛋)”,其过去式和过去分词是laid、laid。
6. be made in & be made of & be made from & be made up of
[误] the table is made from wood.
[正] the table is made of wood.
be made in意思是“由……生产”,强调产地;be made of意思是“用……制成”,强调从成品上能看出原料,制成物没改变原料的本质;be made from意思也是“用……制成”,强调从制成物上看不出原料,制成物已改变原料的本质;be made up of意思是“由……构成或组成”,指人或物都可,指结构成分。
7. stop to do & stop doing
stop to do意思是“停下(正做的事)(开始)去做(别的某事)”,带to的不定式在句子中作目的状语;stop doing意思“停止做某事(不做了)”,带-ing形式的动名词在句子中作宾语。
[误] he was too tired, so he stopped having a rest.
[正] he was too tired, so he stopped to have a rest.
[误] look! the teacher is coming. we must stop to talk.
[正] look! the teacher is coming. we must stop talking. 词语辨析
8. class & lesson
两者都可以作“(一节)课”讲,但意义不同:
1)class指同一个班的学生聚集在一起上的“课”或“一节课”,但并不指上课的内容。如:
Try to speak English both in and out of class. 课内课外都要多讲英语。
We have four classes today. 我们今天上四节课。
2) lesson 指教科书中按某一特定内容所分成的单位,或在某一单位时间内所授的“课程内容”。如:
He works hard at his lessons. 他学习功课很努力。
We study Chinese, English, maths and other lessons. 我们学习汉语、英语、数学和其它课程。
3) “在课堂”应为“in class”;“在……课上”应为“in…lesson”。如:
Miss Li asks her students not to talk in class. 李老师要求她的学生在课堂上不能讲话。
The students speak English in English lesson. 在英语课上学生们说英语。
4) “去上课”应说“go to class”,不能说“go to lesson”。
5) “做功课”应说“do one’s lessons”不能说“do one’s class”。
9. drop & fall
drop/fall虽然同义,但用法有区别:
1) drop 既可作及物动词,也可作不及物动词;动作既可以是无意的,也可以是有意的。作及物动词时主语一般是人,宾语常是物。作不及物动词时,主语是人或某些抽象名词(如:温度、风、价钱等),如:
He dropped his shoes on the floor. 他把鞋扔在地上。
She was tired and dropped herself into the chair. 她非常累,重重地往椅子上一坐。
(不说……fell into the chair)
The glass dropped out of his hand. 杯子从他手里掉下来。
2) fall一般用作不及物动词,主语是人也可以是物。如:
The leaves fall from the tree. 树叶从树上落下。
She fell off the tree. 她从树上跌下来。
10. before & ago
1) 这两个词均表示“以前”,在句子中都用作副词。但ago以现在为基准,即指“现在以前”,因此常与一般过去时连用,常置于表示某一段时间状语之后。如:two days ago (两天前)。
before指以过去某一时间为基准,指“在那时以前”(即过去的过去)。因此常置于表示过去某一段时间的状语之后,谓语动词常用过去完成时。试比较:
He left two years ago. 他是两年前离开的。
She said he had left two years before. 她说他是两年前离开的。
2) before也可指“以前”,不与具体时间连用,此时可用现在完成时或一般过去时。如:
I never met her before. 我以前从未见过她。
I have met her before. 我以前曾遇见过她。
11. save & help
两者都表示“救”,但使用场合不同。
1) save一般用来“救某人,或某物”,其后往往跟被救的对象。如:
The old man saved me. 那位老人救了我。
Edison saved his mother. 爱迪生救了他母亲的命。
2) help一般用于某人处于危难时发出的“呼救” 信号。如:
When I was walking near the river, I heard somebody crying “Help! Help!”. 我在河边散步,突然听到有人喊“救命呀,救命呀!”





