2011年中考英语复习知识点盘点（11）：短语动词和句型的考点讲解和训练

　　Please remember to post the letter for me.

　　请记住替我发了这封信。

　　I remember posting the letter.

　　我记得那封信寄过了。

　　Stop的用法同上面的词相仿，不过stop后面跟不定式不是作宾语，而是作状语。试比较下列句子：

　　He stopped to smoke. 他停下来吸烟。

　　He stopped smoking. 他停止吸烟了。

　　4)有些及物动词的宾语，既可用不定式，又可用-ing形式，意义基本相同。这类动词常见的有：like, love, hate, begin, start, continue等。例如：

　　I like to swim in summer.

　　I like swimming in summer.

　　(4)主语+及物动词+ 间接宾语+直接宾语。例如：

　　My father bought me a new bike.

　　He gave me an apple.

　　1)及物动词之后跟有双宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物。指人的为间接宾语，

　　指物的为直接宾语。一般情况下，间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。如果要

　　把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，间接宾语前需加介词。例如：

　　Please pass me a cup of tea.= Please pass a cup of tea to me.

　　Show me your new book, please. =Please show your new book to me.

　　2)把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，间接宾前有时加介词to, 有时加介词for,这主要取决于谓语动词。一般在动词give, tell, sell, lend, show之后加to。在动词buy, make, get等之后加for。例如：

　　Would you lend me your dictionary, please? =Would you lend your dictionary to me, please?

　　Tom’s mother bought him a pair of new shoes. =Tom’s mother bought a pair of new shoes for him.

　　(5)主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语。例如：

　　We keep our classroom clean and tidy.

　　I hear someone singing in the next room.

　　1)及物动词指后跟有复合宾语，一个是宾语，一个是宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。例如：

　　We call him Jack.

　　Don’t get your hands dirty.

　　2)在及物动词之后，用不定式作宾语补足语和用-ing形式作宾语补足语表示

　　的意思往往不同。用不定式作宾语补足语指事情的全过程;用-ing形式作

　　宾语补足语指正在进行的动作的一部分。例如：

　　I heard him sing that song. (我听他唱过那首歌。)

　　When I came back, I heard him singing in the room.

　　(我回来时，听见他正在房间里唱歌。)

　　3)在感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, listen to, look at使役动词let, make, have等的复合宾语种，不定式须省去to。但变为被动句时，省去的to要加上。例如：

　　I saw him go into the room.

　　He was seen to go into the room.

　　4. 初中阶段主要句型的用法。

　　1. It's time to (for) .... 表“时间到了;该干…的时间了”之意。

　　It's time to go home.

　　It's time for school.

　　注意：to的后面接动词短语，而for的后面接名词。

　　2. It's bad (good) for ... 表示“对…有害(有益)的”含义。

　　Please don't smoke. It's bad for your health.

　　Please take more exercise. It's good for your health.

　　3. be late for (school) 是“上学(迟到)”之意。for后面还可以接meeting或class。

　　He was late for school this morning.

　　Don't be late for class, please.

　　4. had better do / not do sth. 表示“最好做/不做某事”之意。

　　You had better put on the coat when you go out. It's cold outside.

　　We had better stop to have a rest.

　　注意：用had better时，后面一定要直接跟动词原形，决不能加to do sth. 否定一定用在第二个动词之前，是动词不定式的否定式。

　　5. be (feel) afraid of ... 表示“恐怕”，“害怕…”之意。

　　He is afraid of snakes.

　　Mary feels afraid of going out alone.

　　6. enjoy doing sth. 是“喜欢(爱好)做某事”之意，doing是动名词作动词enjoy的宾语。enjoy有欣赏之意。

　　Are you enjoy living in Beijing?

　　Do you enjoy listening to music?

　　7. stop doing sth. 停止做某事

　　stop to do sth. 停下来做某事

　　It's time for class. Stop talking, please.

　　When she saw me, she stopped to talk with me.

　　8. Let (make) sb. do 让(使)某人做某事。

　　Let's go to school.

　　Father made his son clean the room again.

　　注意：当make sb. do sth. 用于被动语态时，第二个动词前面就一定要加to了。如：

　　His son was made to clean the room again.

　　he was made to work twelve hours a day in the past.

　　9. like to do / like doing sth. 是“喜欢做某事”之意。

　　like to do sth. 是表示比较具体的喜欢做某事;like doing sth. 是表示宠统的喜欢做某事。如：

　　I like to swim in the swimming pool.

　　我喜欢在游泳池中游泳。(喜欢的具体的地方游泳)

　　I like swimming. 我喜欢游泳(只讲喜欢这项运动)

　　10. ask (tell) sb. to do. (not to do) sth. 请(让)某人(不)做某事

　　Jim asked his mother to help him with his lessons.

　　When did you tell him not to shout loudly?

　　11. give (lend) sb. sth. = give (lend) sth. to sb. 给(借给)某人某物

　　Mike gave me a new pair of stockings.

　　Please lend us your car.

　　12. be busy doing sth. 表示“忙于做某事”之意。

　　The students are busy getting ready for the exams.

　　Is Mrs Black busy washing clothes?

　　13. too ... to ... 表示“太…以致不能…”的含义。

　　She is too young to go to school.

　　The old man was too tired to walk farther.

　　14. not……until …… 是“直……才……”之意。

　　My daughter didn't go to bed until 11 o'clock last night.

　　We won't have time to rest until the summer holiday comes.

　　15. so ……that 是“如此……以致……”的意思。

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