高考英语：讲究阅读策略 识破庐山真面目

　阅读能力始终是高三学生的首要和重要任务，在具体的学习过程中，大家学习和掌握了大量的语法和句法知识，这是非常重要和必要的基础，但是仍有许多同学虽然掌握了相当的词汇和语法知识，却仍然对阅读原文文章感到力不从心，常表现为：认识词语，懂得句法结构，却不理解其意，更不要提更深层次的内涵和外延。阅读行为本身并不等同于阅读能力的培养。英语阅读行为的多少并不完全等同于阅读能力的强或弱。阅读与理解，知识与能力并不完全相等。

　　障碍阅读效率的因素之一是阅读心理障碍和阅读观念的错误。由于习惯了基础阶段字、词、句、译的初学模式，学生们自然形成了一种比较固定的阅读模式，即：词语—句字—语法—翻译—(答案)，结果不仅阅读速度慢，而且不能把握文章的主要脉络，更可怕的是忽略了整体理解，缺乏宏观的英语阅读能力。

　　阅读习惯和速度

　　由于“求精”“求细”“求知识”的阅读模式影响，不少学生养成了一些不良阅读习惯，这些不良阅读习惯反过来制约了阅读效率。这些不良习惯有：

　　1.阅读视幅(eye span)小

　　阅读视幅指眼睛每停留一次所能清晰地感知文字的广度，视幅对阅读的影响表现在两个方面：一是每看一眼能看清字数的多少；二是眼睛定置的次数与时间的关系，好的读者不会把单词作为注视点逐字阅读而是以意群为阅读注视点，要想提高阅读效率，需要克服小视幅的障碍，要在平时的阅读中有意识地训练自己。

　　2.声读或心读

　　声读是指在阅读时喃喃自语地把每个单词念出声来，有时也可能是无声地动动嘴唇，也有人称其为唇读。另一种较难察觉的声读形式是心读，即在内心想象着或默吟着每个单词的发音，往往用手指着读。这种声读或心读很可能是早期英语学习时以发音阅读为中心的学习方法和精读中养成的阅读习惯所导致的结果。这样做不仅有碍阅读速度，而且会过分依赖语言而易忽略语意，从而影响阅读的广度和深度。

　　3.回读

　　回读就是再次返回来重新阅读，又称为倒读或复读，这是由于读者对已读过的内容、句子、词等感觉不放心所导致的。回读虽不能完全避免，但次数过多，肯定会对阅读效率产生影响。另外回读的习惯也是由于过分重视微观语言现象所致，习惯回读的同学习惯于有对应的汉语翻译，否则会有不安全的感觉，导致对所读的内容缺乏自信心。我们应该明白对一篇文章的理解是整体的，有时是大致的，相对的，则可以避免过细过微的阅读习惯，克服不良阅读习惯。

　　4.不了解西方写作结构的特点

　　一般西方写作结构的特点是：

　　1. Topic sentence ( subject, controlling idea ) 主题句

　　2. Supporting sentence (A) 支持主题句的事例或细节

　　3. Supporting sentence (B) 支持主题句的事例或细节

　　4. Supporting sentence (C) 支持主题句的事例或细节

　　5. Concluding sentence 结论

　　请阅读下面的例文：

　　Everywhere, you will always find “the white-haired boy”, sometimes called “the fair-haired boy”. He gets special treatment, as if he were above everyone else. You will find him in school, in college, at home, or where you work.

　　In school, he is the teacher’s darling who can do nothing wrong. Sometimes she lets him do little jobs for her. He comes to class in the morning, all shiny and clean. He is always raising his hand, ready with an answer to the teacher’s questions. And he knows all the answers. He gets in you hair, especially if you are at the bottom of the class and the teacher you are stupid. How you hate him!

　　At college, he walks——more often stride——across the school grounds as if he owned them. Sometimes he wears a colorful football or basketball shirt or sweater, with a bright red, or green or yellow college letter proudly worn on the front of it. What broad shoulders and what muscles he has! He makes the girls happy by just smiling at them. He has the mark of success on him.

　　At home, “the fair-haired boy” is mother’s choice, her favorite. Sometimes, he is the oldest son——at times, the youngest. If you are in between, you are out of luck.

　　Then, you discover that there are others who share your feeling, and are ready to “let their hair down”——to tell you their private thoughts. One of them asks, “Why does he have all that I haven’t got?” You ask yourself the same question.

　　Finally, there comes a day when you decide to stop hating him. Is it perhaps became he has been made the boss and you find yourself working for him?

　　1、From the passage we can know “the white-haired boy” is _______________.