全国高中英语语法大全资料1

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5.9 非谓语动词

  在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式,动名词,和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。

1)不定式
时态\语态    主动      被动         
 一般式    to do      to be done
  完成式    to have done  to have been done

2)动名词
时态\语态    主动      被动         
 一般式    doing     being done
 完成式    having done  having been done


3)分词
时态\语态    主动      被动         
 一般式    doing     being done
 完成式    having done  having been done    

  否定形式: not +不定式, not + 动名词, not + 现在分词
动名词

6.1 动名词作主语、宾语和表语

1)作主语
   Fighting broke out between the South and the North.
   南方与北方开战了。

2)作宾语 
  a. 动词后加动名词doing作宾语 V. + doing sth
admit 承认   appreciate 感激,赞赏 avoid 避免    
complete 完成  consider 认为     delay 耽误   deny 否认    detest 讨厌      endure 忍受    enjoy 喜欢   escape 逃脱      prevent阻止
fancy 想象   finish 完成      imagine 想象   mind 介意    miss 想念       postpone 推迟        practise 训练  recall 回忆      resent 讨厌     resist 抵抗   resume 继续      risk 冒险
suggest 建议  face 面对       include 包括    stand 忍受   understand 理解    forgive 宽恕         keep 继续
举例:
 (1) Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?
 (2) The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught.   


  b. 词组后接doing
admit to   prefer…to    be used to    lead to   devote oneself to  object to   stick to     be busy    look forward to to为介词)

no good, no use, It's worth…,  as well as,
can't help, It's no use /good  be tired of
be fond of  be capable of  be afraid of 
be proud of  think of / about  hold off    
put off  keep on  insist on  count on / upon
set about  be successful in  good at  take up
give up  burst out  prevent … from… 

3)作表语
  Her job is washing,cleaning and taking care of the children.

6.2 worth 的用法

worth,worthy,worth-while都为adj. 意为"值得"。
1. worth: be worth + n.  当名词为金钱时,表示"…… 值得……"
 be worth doing sth. "……某事值得被做"
   The question is not worth discussing again and again.

2. worthy:be worthy of +n. 当名词为抽象名词时表示"……值得……"
 be worthy to be done "某事值得被做"
   The question is not worthy to be discussed againand again.

3. worth-while: be worth-while to do sth  "值得做某事"
  worth while: It is worth while doing sth
         It is worth while sb to do sth.

典型例题
It is not ____ to discuss the question again and again.
A.worth B.worthy C.worth-while D.worth while
答案C. 由worth的用法可知,此句只适合词组be worth-while to do sth.。因此选C。

动词不定式
7.1 不定式作宾语

1) 动词+ 不定式
afford  aim   appear  agree  arrange  ask   be    decide bother  care  choose   come    dare   demand desire  determine     expect   elect  endeavor     hope       fail  happen  help  hesitate learn  long   mean   manage  offer  ought   plan  prepare pretend   promise refuse seem   tend   wait    wish     undertake
举例: 
 The driver failed to see the other car in time.
   司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
 I happen to know the answer to your question.
   我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。

2)动词+不定式 ; 动词+宾语+不定式
ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…
 I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。
 I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢你年使每件东西都保持整洁。
I want to speak to Tom.  我想和汤姆谈话。
I want you to speak to Tom.  我想让你和汤姆谈话。
3) 动词+疑问词+ to
decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell
  Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。
  There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy.有这么多的录音机,我都拿不定主意买哪一种。

注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时,谓语动词用单数。
   The question is how to put it into practice.
   问题是怎样把它付诸实施。

7.2 不定式作补语

1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do)
advise   allow   appoint   believe   cause   challenge command  compel   consider  declare   drive   enable  encourage  find    forbid   force   guess   hire    imagine  impel   induce   inform  instruct  invite   judge    know    like   order    permit  persuade  remind   report  request   require  select send    state   suppose   tell    think  train   trust   understand urge    warn 

例句:
  a. Father will not allow us to play on the street.       
   父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。

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