全国高中英语语法大全资料2

2)　have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。
He had to look after his sister yesterday.

3） 在否定结构中： don't have to　 表示"不必"
　　　　　　　　　　mustn't　　　　表示"禁止"，
　　 You don't have to tell him about it.　 你不一定要把此事告诉他。
　　 You mustn't tell him about it.　　　　你一定不要把这件事告诉他。

21.6 表示推测的用法
　can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测，其用法如下：

1）情态动词+动词原形。
　　表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时动词通常为系动词。
　　I don't know where she is, she may be in Wuhan.
2）情态动词+动词现在进行时。
　　表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。
　　At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.
　　这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。

3）情态动词+动词完成时。
　　表示对过去情况的推测。
　　We would have finished this work by the end of next December.
　　明年十二月底前我们很可能已完成这项工作了。
　　The road is wet. It must have rained last night.
　　地是湿的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。

4）情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时。
　　表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。
　　Your mother must have been looking for you.
　　你妈妈一定一直在找你。

5）推测的否定形式，疑问形式用can't, couldn't表示。
　　Mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.
　　迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。

　注意：could, might表示推测时不表示时态，其推测的程度不如can, may。

21.7 情态动词+ have +过去分词
1) may(might) have + done sth, can (could) have + done sth　表示过去，推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。
　　Philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.
　　Philip can (could) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.

2)　must have +done sth，对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测，语气较强，具有"肯定"，"谅必"的意思。
　---Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.
　---She must have gone by bus.

3) ought to have done sth, should have done sth
　　本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做。否定句表示"不该做某事而做了"。
　　You ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment.
　　He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.（事实上已扔了。）
　　ought to 在语气上比should 要强。

4) needn't have done sth　 本没必要做某事
　　I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I　needn't have done so. The weather was hot.

5) would like to have done sth　 本打算做某事　
　　I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then.

21.8 should 和ought to
　　should 和ought to 都为"应该"的意思，可用于各种人称。
　　---Ought he to go?
　　---Yes. I think he ought to.
　　表示要求，命令时，语气由 should（应该）、had better最好）、must（必须）渐强。

21.9 had better表示"最好"
　　had better 相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。
　　had better do sth
　　had better not do sth
　　It is pretty cold. You'd better put on my coat.
　　She'd better not play with the dog.

　　had better have done sth表示与事实相反的结果，意为"本来最好"。
　　You had better have come earlier.

　21.10 would rather表示"宁愿"
　would rather do
　would rather not do
　would rather… than…　 宁愿……而不愿。

　还有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示"宁愿"、"宁可"的意思。

　If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school.
　I would rather stay here than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home.

典型例题
----Shall we go skating or stay at home?
----Which ___ do?　　　　　
A. do you rather　　B. would you rather　 C. will you rather　 D. should you rather
答案B。本题考查情态动词rather的用法，would rather +do sth 意为"宁愿"，本题为疑问句，would 提前，所以选B。
21.11 will和would

　注意：
　1）would like； Would like to do = want to 想要，为固定搭配。
　　 Would you like to go with me?
　2）Will you…?　Would you like…? 表示肯定含义的请求劝说时，疑问句中一般用some, 而不是any。
　　 Would you like some cake?
　3）否定结构中用will，一般不用would, won't you是一种委婉语气。
　　 Won't you sit down?

21.12 情态动词的回答方式

　　 问句　　　肯定回答　　　　否定回答
Need you…?　　Yes, I must.　　　No,I needn't
Must you…?　　　　　　　　　　　/don't have to.

典型例题
1）---Could I borrow your dictionary?
　　---Yes, of course, you____.　
　 A. might　B. will　 C. can　 D. should
　 答案C.could表示委婉的语气，并不为时态。答语中of course，表示肯定的语气，允许某人做某事时，用can和 may来表达，不能用could或might。复习： will 与you连用，用来提出要求或下命令。should与you 连用，用来提出劝告。

2）---Shall I tell John about it?
　　---No, you ___. I've told him already.　　
　 A. needn't　　B. wouldn't　　C. mustn't　　D. shouldn't
　 答案A。needn't 不必，不用。 wouldn't 将不, 不会的。 mustn't 禁止、不能。 shouldn't　不应该。本题为不需要，不必的意思，应用needn't。

3）---Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.
　　---______.
　　A. I don't　 B.　I won't　 C. I can't　D. I haven't

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