全国高中英语语法大全资料2

减小字体 增大字体 作者:本站收集整理  来源:本站收集整理  发布时间:2010-11-09 08:37:52
  He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?

20) must在表"推测"时,根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。
  He must be there now, isn't he?
  It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it?


        快速记忆表
陈述部分的谓语      疑问部分          
     I          aren't I        
    Wish         may +主语          
no,nothing,nobody,never,  
few, seldom, hardly,     肯定含义
rarely, little等否定
含义的词                       
ought to(肯定的)    shouldn't/ oughtn't +主语  
have to+v.(had to+v.)  don't +主语(didn't +主语)  
used to        didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语  
had better + v.     hadn't you         
would rather + v.    wouldn't +主语       
you'd like to + v.    wouldn't +主语       
must           根据实际情况而定      
感叹句中         be +主语          
Neither…nor,
either…or 连接的根   据其实际逻辑意义而定
并列主语                       
指示代词或不定代词
everything,that,      主语用it
nothing,this                      
并列复合句       谓语根据邻近从句的谓语而定  
定语从句,宾语从句的
主从复合句       根据主句的谓语而定      
think,believe,expect,
suppose,imagine等引导  与宾语从句相对应的从句    
everybody,anyone,
somebody,nobody,no one  复数they, 单数he      
情态动词dare或need    need (dare ) +主语
dare, need 为实义动词     do +主语        
省去主语的祈使句     will you?
Let's 开头的祈使句    Shall we?
Let us 开头的祈使句   Will you?          
there be   相应的谓语动词+there(省略主语代词)  
否定前缀不能视为否定词    仍用否定形式      
must表"推测"   根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句  
倒装
14.1 倒装句之全部倒装

 全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和 一般过去时。常见的结构有:
 1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。
  There goes the bell.
  Then came the chairman.
  Here is your letter.

 2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词。
  Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.
  Ahead sat an old woman.

 注意:上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。
   Here he comes.   Away they went.

14.2 倒装句之部分倒装

  部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。

 1) 句首为否定或半否定的词语,如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。
  Never have I seen such a performance.
  Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
  Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
 当Not until引出主从复合句,主句倒装,从句不倒装。

注意: 如否定词不在句首不倒装。
   I have never seen such a performance.
   The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.

典型例题  

1) Why can't I smoke here?
  At no time___ in the meeting-room
A. is smoking permitted  B. smoking is permitted
C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit
答案A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时,其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。 这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.

2) Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.
  A. man did know  B. man know  C. didn't man know  D. did man know
 答案D.  看到Not until…的句型,我们知道为一倒装句,答案在C,D 中选一个。
 改写为正常语序为,Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前,后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。

14.3 以否定词开头作部分倒装
  如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than
  Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.
  Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
  No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.

典型例题
No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.
A. the game began      B. has the game begun
C. did the game begin    D. had the game begun
答案D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时,一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not only…but (also), no sooner…than, hardly… when scarcely… when 等等。

注意:只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时,才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语,不可用倒装结构。
  Not only you but also I am fond of music.
14.4 so, neither, nor作部分倒装

  表示"也"、"也不" 的句子要部分倒装。    
  Tom can speak French. So can Jack.
  If you won't go, neither will I.

典型例题
 ---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?
 ---I don't know, _____.
 A. nor don't I care  B. nor do I care  C. I don't care neither  D. I don't care also

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