宾语从句的讲解 初中英语复习资料

1.       定义：句子做直接宾语 （直接宾语由一个句子来充当）　　

2.       宾语从句的结构形式：   主句  +   连接词+  从句。　　

1.主语+谓语(及物动词)+(间宾)+连接词+。。。。句子。。。。。　　

   2. 主语+be +adj.+连接词+。。。。句子。。。。（要求形容词是表示人的喜怒哀乐或感情色彩的。如：afraid   sorry   sure   glad  happy  angry  worried  pleased ）　　

3.宾语从句的连接词有下列几种情况：1. 当宾语从句的语气是陈述语气时，用that连接，that没有意义，可以省略，只起到连接主句和从句的作用，不做从句的某一个成分。如：He said (that )he could finish his work before supper.  He knows (that )his son may fail the Chinese exam.   I am afraid (that ) you can’t take photos here . 　　

                                 2. 当宾语从句的语气是疑问语气时，用if/whether来连接主句和从句，意思是“是否”，不可以省略，只起到连接主句和从句的作用，不做从句的某一个成分。如：Do you know if he is a worker ?   He asked me if there would be a math exam tomorrow .   He wants to know whether he is right or wrong .(whether 用于选择语气。)　　

                                 3. 当宾语从句的语气是提问的语气时，用特殊疑问词来连接主句和从句 ，有实在意义，不能省略，同时做从句的某一个成分（who 主语 whose定语why原因状语 when 时间状语 where 地点状语 how 方式状语等等） 如：Do you know who will come this afternoon ?   Did you hear what he said ?    Can you tell me how I get to the post office ？ We didn’t know when she would come back .　　

4.宾语从句的语序：从句的语序要保证是陈述句的语序，即 主语+ 谓语+。。。。　　

He said “ I am a good worker .” ---------   He said that he was a good worker .　　

She asked me “Is he a good worker?” ------- She asked me if he was a good worker .　　

Do you know “ When will they go to the zoo ? ---- Do you know when they will go to the zoo ？　　

1.       宾语从句的主句和从句时态的呼应：　　

1.       当宾语从句的主句是一般现在时时，从句根据需要选用合适的时态。（主现从任）　　

She says that she works from Monday to Friday .　　

She says that she will leave a message on his desk .　　

2.       当宾语从句的主句是一般过去时时，从句要采用相应的过去时态。（主过从过）    见表格。　　

He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon .　　

He asked me if she was a good doctor .　　

She asked when they would go to the 　　City　 　Park　　 .　　

3.       即使主句是一般过去时态时，而从句是表示客观真理，普遍事实，自然现象，公式格言等时，从句必须用一般现在时。（主过从现）　　

 He said that light travels much faster than sound .　　

She said that her father is twenty-eight years older than her .　　

The teacher told us that there are twelve months in a year .　　

2.       宾语从句的否定前移情况：　　

当宾语从句的主句谓语动词是think , believe , suppose , guess, imagine 等表示“想，认为” 等意义时。主句的主语是第一人称且主句是一般现在时时。从句的否定一般要转移到主句中。（否定前移）。　　

 I don’t think they’ll wait to the last minute.　　

 I don’t believe that is his mistakes .    　　

8. 宾语从句的反义疑问句：　　

  1. 当宾语从句的主句谓语动词是一般的及物动词时，其反义疑问句是对主句进行反义。　　

   He said that he was a good teacher , didn’t he ?　　

   She asks me if I can find the lost pen ，doesn’t she ？　　

1.       当宾语从句的主句谓语动词是think ,believe ,suppose , guess 等动词时，其反义疑问句是对从句进行反义。并且以从句的意义为准。　　

I don’t think they will go to the zoo tomorrow , will  they ?　　

I think he is a good worker , isn’t he ?　　

9. 当宾语从句的连接词是特殊疑问词时，而且宾语从句的主语为主句的主语或其中一员时。其宾语从句 可以用一个简单句形式来替代。其形式为：特殊疑问词+ to do sth … 的结构 。　　

   I want to know when we will go to the zoo . = I want to know when to go to the zoo .　　

10.当主句是以could 引导的一般疑问句时，从句应该采用任意时态。Could 比can 语气委婉而已。 Could you tell me when we will go to the zoo ?