常见习惯用语 2013届中考英语语法考点知识复习11.doc

常见习惯用语
（一）　知识概要 

由于英语国家的语言习惯与中国的语言习惯有许多不同之处，所以造成了许多同学在做选择或书写，或与人交谈中造成误用中国方式来对英语的问句作解答。例如一个小女孩十分好看，可爱，外国人见到时会讲： You are so beautiful 这时的答语应该是 Thank you 如果外国人发现你的英语不错，他们会讲： Your English is very good 这时中国人常常会说：不，我说的不好。这纯是一种礼貌的答语，但是不符合英语习惯。它正确的答语应是 Thank you 虽然交际英语 有一些规律可讲，但更重要的是学习外国的生活习惯，了解他们的文化背景，历史渊源，这样才能真正的学好一门外语。

（二）　正误辨析 

［误］ - What can I do for you?

- Yes， please help me 

［正］ - What can I do for you?

- I'd like to buy a sweater 

［析］ What can I do for you? 这一问语实际上用于的情景很多，要根据具体情况而定。如在商店中售货员讲这句话应译为：您想要点什么?在其他场合也可以被译为：我能为您做些什么?它的答语应是直接讲出想让对方提供的帮助。

［误］ - Which colour do you like?

- Sorry， I don't like 

［正］ - Which colour do you like?

- I prefer blue 

［析］ 由 which 来提问的问句是要回答具体的选择，而不能泛指，泛泛的回答。如 Yes， I like it

［误］ Do you like to come with us tonight? 

［正］ Would you like to come with us tonight? 

［析］ Do you like … 问的是对方的习惯，如： Do you like swimming? Do you like collecting stamps? 而 would you like … 则是一次性的邀请、提议。邀请的英语表达法还有如下几种：

Shall we go? 我们走吧!

Let's go? 让我们走吧!

How about having a cup of tea? 喝杯茶如何?

What about a cup of coffee 喝杯咖啡如何?

Why not buy it? 为什么不买呢?

其肯定答语一般为Certainly， Yes， O．Ｋ．　All right， With pleasure

［误］ Sorry， I've kept you waiting

Not at all 

［正］ Sorry， I've kept you waiting

Never mind 

［析］ "介意不介意"这一问法与答语在中英文中有所不同。如：

- Do you mind my smoking here?- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 
Ａ．　Yes， do it please

Ｂ．　No， of course not

Ｃ．　Yes， take it please

Ｄ．　No， you can't take it

这时正确的选择应是B。 其意为：不介意，当然不。而A选项则自相矛盾了，它应译为：是的我介意，请抽吧。而 D选项是：不介意，你不能抽。当向对方争求意见时，可以有以下问法：

Do you mind if I open the door?

Would you mind mailing the letter for me

其答语如果是同意应为： Certainly not， not at all

而不同意时应为 Yes， 或 I'm sorry

［误］ What's that man?

He is Mike 

［正］ What's that man?

He is a teacher 

［正］ Who's that man?

He is Mike (He is Mike's father) 

［析］ 由 what 提问是问的职业，由 who 提问问的是姓名或身份。

［误］ - How much are they?

- Half a kilo， please 

［正］ - How many bananas do you want?

- Half a kilo Please 

［析］ How much are they? 问的是价格而不是实际物品的多少。

［误］ I'm sorry， but is this the way to the park? 

［正］ Excuse me， but is this the way to the park? 

［析］ I'm sorry 是对已经做错了的事向对方道歉时的开始语。而 Excuse me 是在打扰对方之前表达歉意的话。

［误］ - Have a good time tonight!

- You are the same 

［正］ - Have a good time tonight!

- The same to you 

［析］ The same to you 是表达我也祝您有个愉快的夜晚，它是美语中的习惯用法。

［误］ - What's the problem?

- I've got a headache 

［正］ What's wrong with you?

I've got a headache 

［析］ What's wrong with you? 是询问对方身体状态如何，而 What's the problem?是问对方遇到了什么麻烦。

［误］ - Now， I'm back Can I play?

- Perhaps You'd better do your homework first 

［正］ - Now， I'm back Can I play?

- I'm afraid not You'd better do your homework first 

［析］ Perhaps 是表示对一种拿不准的事态的推论，如： Am I right? Perhaps而 I'm afraid not 则表达一种不同意的态度。 be afraid 的几种用法有：
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