2010年中考英语语法难点汇总

2010年中考英语语法难点汇总
介词
I. 要点
1、介词和种类
(1) 简单介词，常用的有 at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without 等。
(2) 复合介词，如 by means of, along with, because of, in front of, instead of 等。
2、介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系
(1) 和动词的搭配，如 agree with, ask for, belong to, break away from, care about 等。
(2) 和形容词的搭配，如 afraid of, angry with, different from, good at 等。
(3) 和名词的搭配，如 answer to , key to, reason for, cause of, visit to 等。
3、介词短语可以有自己的修饰语，这种修饰语通常有 right, just, badly, all, well, directly, completely 等少数几个副词。如：
    He came right after dinner.
    He lives directly opposite the school.
4、 某些介词的意义与用法举例
(1) at, on, in (表时间)
    表示时间点用 at，如 at four o'clock, at midnight 等；表示不确定的时间或短期假日也用 at，如 at that time, at Christmas 等。
    指某天用 on, 如 on Monday, on the end of November, 指某天的朝夕用 on，如on Friday morning, on the afternoon of September lst 等。
    指长于或短于一天的时段用 in，如 in the afternoon, in February, in Summer, in 1999 等。
(2) between, among (表位置)
    between 仅用于二者之间，但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时，也用 between, 如
    I'm sitting between Tom and Alice.
    The village lies between three hills.
    among 用于三者或三者以上之间。如：
    He is the best among the students.
(3) beside, besides
    beside 意为"在……旁边"，而 besides 意为"除……之外"。如：
    He sat beside me.
    What do you want besides this?
(4) in the tree, on the tree
    in the tree 指动物或人在树上，而 on the tree 指果实、树叶长在树上
(5) on the way, in the way, by the way, in this way
    on the way 指在路上 in the way 指挡道
    by the way 指顺便问一句 in this way 用这样的方法
(6) in the corner, at the corner
    in the corner 指在拐角内 at the corner 指在拐角外
(7) in the morning, on the morning
    in the morning 是一般说法 on the morning 特指某一天的早晨
(8) by bus, on the bus
    by bus 是一般说法 on the bus 特指乘某一辆车
II. 例题
例1. Do you know any other foreign language ____ English?
     A. except   B. but   C. beside   D. besides
解析：A、B两项 except 等于but，意为"除了……"，C-beside 意为"在……旁边"，不符合题意。而D-besides, 意为"除了……之外，还有"。所以该题正确答案为D。该题意为：除了英语外，你还知道别的语言吗？
例2. He suddenly returned ____ a rainy night.
     A. on   B. at   C. in   D. during
解析：我们均知道，at night 这一短语，但如果night前有修饰词，表具体的夜晚，则要用介词 on 来修饰，故该题正确答案为A。
例3. I'm looking forward ____ your letter.
     A. to   B. in   C. at   D. on
解析：该题正确答案为A。look forward to 为固定搭配，意为"期望、盼望"。
连词
I. 要点
1、 连词的种类
(1) 并列连词用来连接并列关系的词、短语或分句，如 and, for, or, both … and, either … or, neither … nor 等。
(2) 从属连词用来引导从句，如 that, if, whether, when, after, as soon as 等。
    除了从属连词(引导状语从句)外，还有其它可以用来引导从句的词类。它们是连接代词和连接副词(引导名词性从句)，关系代词和关系副词(引导定语从句)。
2、 常用连词举例
(1) and 和，并且
    They drank and sang all night.
(2) both … and 和， 既……也……
    Both my parents and I went there.
(3) but 但是，而
    I'm sad, but he is happy.
(4) either … or 或……或……， 要么……要么……
    Either you're wrong, or I am.
(5) for 因为
    I asked him to stay, for I had something to tell him.
(6) however 然而，可是
    Af first, he didn't want to go there. Later, however, he decided to go.
(7) neither … nor 既不……也不
    Neither my parents nor my aunt agrees with you.
(8) not only … but (also) 不但……而且……
    He not only sings well, but also dances well.
(9) or 或者，否则
    Hurry up, or you'll be late.
    Are you a worker or a doctor?
(10) so 因此，所以
    It's getting late, so I must go.
(11) although 虽然
    Although it was late, they went on working.
(12) as soon as 一……就……
    I'll tell him as soon as I see him.
(13) because 因为
    He didn't go to school, because he was ill.
(14) unless 除非，如果不
    I won't go unless it is fine tomorrow.
(15) until 直到……
    He didn't leave until eleven. (瞬间动词用于 not … until 结构)

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