2010年中考英语语法难点汇总
减小字体
增大字体 He stayed there until eleven.
(16) while 当……时候，而 (表示对比)
While I stayed there, I met a friend of mine. (while 后不可用瞬间动词)
My pen is red while his is blue.
(17) for 因为
He was ill, for he didn't come. (结论是推断出来的)
(18)s ince 自从……
I have lived here since my uncle left.
(19) hardly … when 一…… 就
I had hardly got to the station when the train left.
(20) as far as 就…… 来说
As far as I know, that country is very small.
You may walk as far as the lake. (一直走到湖那里)
II. 例题
例1. John plays football ____, if not better than, David.
A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as
解析：该题意为：John 踢足球如果不比 David 好的话，那也踢得和 David 一样好。 和…一样好为 as well as. 故该题正确答案为B.
例2. She thought I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.
A. when B. where C. which D. while
解析：该处意为"然而"，只有 while 有此意思，故选D。
例3. Would you like a cup of coffee ____ shall we get down to business right away?
A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise
解析：该处意为"或者"，正确答案为C。
动词时态、语态
I. 要点
1、 一般现在时
(1) 表示经常发生的动作或现在存在的状态，常与 sometimes, always, often, every day 等时间状语连用。如：Sometimes, we go swimming after school.
(2) 表示客观真理、科学事实等。如：The earth goes round the sun.
2、 现在进行时
(1) 表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作，常与 now, at present 等时间状语连用。如：
What are you doing now?
(2) 和 always, continually 等连用，表一种经常反复的动作，常含有某种情感。如：
He is always doing good deeds.
3、 现在完成时
主要表示动作发生在过去，对现在仍有影响，或动作一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去，常与just, already, so far, once, never 等词连用。如：Have you ever been to Beijing?
4、一般将来时
表示将来某一时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与 tomorrow, next year 等连用。如：
I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.
We're going to see a film next Monday.
5、一般过去时
表示在过去某一时间或某一阶段内发生的动作或存在的状态，常与 yesterday, last year, in 1998, a moment ago 等词连用。如：It happened many years ago.
6、过去进行时
表示过去某一时刻或某一时期正在发生的动作。如：
What were you doing this time yesterday?
7、过去完成时
表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。如：
The train had already left before we arrived.
8、一般过去将来时
表示说话人从过去的角度来看将来发生的动作。如：
He said he would come, but he didn't.
9、被动语态 被动语态的时态，以 give 为例。
时／式 一般 进行 完成
现在 am is given are am is being are has been given have
过去 was given were was being given were had been given
将来 shall be given will shall have been given will
过去将来 should be given would should have been given would
II. 例题
例1. I learned that her father ____ in 1950.
A. had died B. died C. dead D. is dead
解析：该题正确答案为B。从句中的谓语动词动作虽然发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前，但因从句中有明确的过去时间状语in 1950, 所以不用过去完成时态，而用一般过去时态。
例2. The five-year-old girl ____ by her parents.
A. is looked B. has looked for
C. is being looked for D. has been looked
解析：该题正确答案为C。在带有介词的动词短语用于被动语态句中，介词不能省，否则就变成了不及物动词短语，而不能用于被动语态的句子中。
短语动词
I. 要点
英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体，其用法有的相当于及物动词，有的相当于不及物动词，有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。英语短语动词的构成主要有以下六种：
(1) 动词＋介词
常见的有 look for, look after, send for, care about, ask for, laugh at, hear of (from), add to, lead to 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如：
Don't laugh at others.
I didn't care about it.
(2) 动词＋副词
常见的有 give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in, point out 等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，既可放在副词前边，又可放在副词后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则要放在副词前边。如：You'll hand in your homework tomorrow.
Please don't forget to hand it in.
(3) 动词＋副词＋介词
常见的有 look down upon, go on with, break away from, add up to, catch up with 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：
All his money added up to no more than $100.
After a short rest, he went on with his research work.
(4) 动词＋名词＋介词
常见的有 take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：You should pay attention to your handwriting.
(16) while 当……时候，而 (表示对比)
While I stayed there, I met a friend of mine. (while 后不可用瞬间动词)
My pen is red while his is blue.
(17) for 因为
He was ill, for he didn't come. (结论是推断出来的)
(18)s ince 自从……
I have lived here since my uncle left.
(19) hardly … when 一…… 就
I had hardly got to the station when the train left.
(20) as far as 就…… 来说
As far as I know, that country is very small.
You may walk as far as the lake. (一直走到湖那里)
II. 例题
例1. John plays football ____, if not better than, David.
A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as
解析：该题意为：John 踢足球如果不比 David 好的话，那也踢得和 David 一样好。 和…一样好为 as well as. 故该题正确答案为B.
例2. She thought I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.
A. when B. where C. which D. while
解析：该处意为"然而"，只有 while 有此意思，故选D。
例3. Would you like a cup of coffee ____ shall we get down to business right away?
A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise
解析：该处意为"或者"，正确答案为C。
动词时态、语态
I. 要点
1、 一般现在时
(1) 表示经常发生的动作或现在存在的状态，常与 sometimes, always, often, every day 等时间状语连用。如：Sometimes, we go swimming after school.
(2) 表示客观真理、科学事实等。如：The earth goes round the sun.
2、 现在进行时
(1) 表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作，常与 now, at present 等时间状语连用。如：
What are you doing now?
(2) 和 always, continually 等连用，表一种经常反复的动作，常含有某种情感。如：
He is always doing good deeds.
3、 现在完成时
主要表示动作发生在过去，对现在仍有影响，或动作一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去，常与just, already, so far, once, never 等词连用。如：Have you ever been to Beijing?
4、一般将来时
表示将来某一时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与 tomorrow, next year 等连用。如：
I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.
We're going to see a film next Monday.
5、一般过去时
表示在过去某一时间或某一阶段内发生的动作或存在的状态，常与 yesterday, last year, in 1998, a moment ago 等词连用。如：It happened many years ago.
6、过去进行时
表示过去某一时刻或某一时期正在发生的动作。如：
What were you doing this time yesterday?
7、过去完成时
表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。如：
The train had already left before we arrived.
8、一般过去将来时
表示说话人从过去的角度来看将来发生的动作。如：
He said he would come, but he didn't.
9、被动语态 被动语态的时态，以 give 为例。
时／式 一般 进行 完成
现在 am is given are am is being are has been given have
过去 was given were was being given were had been given
将来 shall be given will shall have been given will
过去将来 should be given would should have been given would
II. 例题
例1. I learned that her father ____ in 1950.
A. had died B. died C. dead D. is dead
解析：该题正确答案为B。从句中的谓语动词动作虽然发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前，但因从句中有明确的过去时间状语in 1950, 所以不用过去完成时态，而用一般过去时态。
例2. The five-year-old girl ____ by her parents.
A. is looked B. has looked for
C. is being looked for D. has been looked
解析：该题正确答案为C。在带有介词的动词短语用于被动语态句中，介词不能省，否则就变成了不及物动词短语，而不能用于被动语态的句子中。
短语动词
I. 要点
英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体，其用法有的相当于及物动词，有的相当于不及物动词，有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。英语短语动词的构成主要有以下六种：
(1) 动词＋介词
常见的有 look for, look after, send for, care about, ask for, laugh at, hear of (from), add to, lead to 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如：
Don't laugh at others.
I didn't care about it.
(2) 动词＋副词
常见的有 give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in, point out 等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，既可放在副词前边，又可放在副词后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则要放在副词前边。如：You'll hand in your homework tomorrow.
Please don't forget to hand it in.
(3) 动词＋副词＋介词
常见的有 look down upon, go on with, break away from, add up to, catch up with 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：
All his money added up to no more than $100.
After a short rest, he went on with his research work.
(4) 动词＋名词＋介词
常见的有 take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：You should pay attention to your handwriting.
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