2010年中考英语语法难点汇总

    We should make full use of our time.
(5) 动词＋形容词
    常见的有 leave open, set free, cut open 等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，则宾语可放在形容词的前边，也可放在后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则必须放在形容词前边。如：
    The prisoners were set free.
    He cut it open.
(6) 动词＋名词
    常见的有 take place, make friends 等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如：
    This story took place three years ago.
    I make friends with a lot of people.
(7) 辨析
    give away(让给，暴露) 和 give up(放弃，停止)
    put away(放起，收起) 和 put out (扑灭)
    turn up(出席，放大) 和 turn on (打开)
    keep out(阻止) 和 keep off (不让靠近)
    make up(编造，补上) 和 make out(辨认)
    take off(脱，起飞) 和 take out(拿出)
II. 例题
例1. It is wise to have some money ____ for old age.
     A put away B kept up C given away D laid up
解析：该题正确 uot；give away 意为"分发"；lay up"贮藏"。
例2. Here's my card. Let's keep in ____.
     A. touch  B. relation  C. connection  D. friendship
解析：该题正确答案为A. keep in touch为短语动词，意为"保持联系"。
例3. ____! There's a train coming.
     A Look out B Look around C Look forward D Look on
解析：该题选A. look out 意为"小心"。
动词不定式
I. 要点
1、 不定式的形式。以动词 write 为例。
    式｜语态 主动语态 被动语态
    一般式 to write to be written
    完成式 to have written to have been written
    进行式 to be writing
    完成进行式 to have been writing
2、 不定式的句法功能
(1) 作主语
    To hear from you is nice.
    To be a good teacher is not easy.
    不定式作主语时，为了保持句子的平衡，往往以it作形式主语，而不定式置于谓语动词后。如：It's nice to hear from you.
    It's not easy to be a good teacher.
(2) 作宾语
    通常用于 want, hope, wish, like, need, hate, begin, start, remember, agree, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help 等词后。如：I forgot to lock the door.
    Please remember to write to me.
(3) 作表语
    My job is to pick up letters.
    He seemed to have heard nothing.
(4) 作定语
    不定式作定语时，须放在它所修饰的名词或代词后。如：
    I have two letters to write.
    I have a lot of work to do.
(5) 作宾补
通常用于 want, wish, ask, order, tell, know, help, advise, allow, cause, force 等词后。如：
    He ordered her to leave at once.
    He was forced to obey his order.
(6) 作状语
    He got up early to catch the first bus.
    He worked hard to catch up with the other students.
(7) 作独立成分
    To tell you the truth, I told a lie.
(8)"疑问词＋不定式"结构。 如：
    I don't know how to choose them.
    I cannot decide where to go.
(9) 不定式的否定式。如：
    I decided not to go.
(10) 不定式的完成式。如：
    He seemed to have cleaned the room before I came in.
    The boy is said to have been sent to the hospital last week.
(11) too … to 结构。如：
    He was too excited to go to sleep.
    He was only too glad to go. (他太高兴了，乐意去。)
(12) 主动表被动。如：
    The book is easy to read.
    I have a book to read.
II. 例题
例1. I haven't got a chair ____.
     A. to sit  B. for to sit on  C. to sit on  D. for sitting
解析：该题选C。不定式 to sit on 在句中作定语，修饰名词 chair. 因为不定式和它所修饰的名词间是"动宾关系"，所以不定式必须是及物动词，故此处 on 不能省略。
例2. He was made ____.   A. go   B. gone   C. going   D. to go
解析：该题选D。make sb. do sth. 如果是被动形式，不定式 do 前的 to 不能省略。
例3. A new factory is ____ very soon.
     A. to be built   B. built   C. to build   D. to building
解析：该题选A。is to be built 意为"将要被建。

相关联系题
(   ) 1 -Have you got some water to drink?
-Here you are. There___ still some in the bottle.
A. are   B. were   C. is   D. was
(   ) 2 _____ there many American friends in the school last Friday?
A. Is  B. Was  C. Are  D. Were
(   ) 3 There ____ a great many accidents last year.
A. were  B. are  C. is  D. was
(   ) 4 -How many children ____ in the picture?
-Three.
A. has there   B. is there   C. have there   D. are there
(   ) 5 In 1850, about a third of U. S. A___ covered by forests.
A. were  B. has been  C. /  D. was
(   ) 6 Most of our earth____ covered by water.

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