初中英语词汇总复习
初中英语词汇总复习
一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音 元音字母 读 音 例 词
a 在开音节中 [ei] name plane Jane baby cake
在闭音节中 [æ] bag dad hat map black back
e 在开音节中 [i:] he these me Chinese
在闭音节中 [e] bed let pen desk yes egg
i 在开音节中 [ai] bike fly drive time nice kite
在闭音节中 [i] fish big drink sit milk swim
o 在开音节中 [ou] those close go hoe home no
在闭音节中 [C] clock not box shop sock
u 在开音节中 [ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday
在闭音节中 [Λ] bus cup jump much lunch
在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音,
如:June blue ruler super
二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音 元音字母 读 音 例 词
a [E]E China another woman breakfast
[i] orange comrade village cabbage
e [E] hundred student open weekend
[i] chicken pocket begin children
i [E]/[i] holiday beautiful family animal
[ai] exercise satellite
o [E] second tonight somebody welcome
[Eu] also zero photo
u [E] autumn difficult [ju:] popular congratulation January
动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[ei]音,例如:operateu处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j l r s后面时,读[u(:)]音,例如:July influence February issue在非重读音节中,许多单词中的元音字母a e i 即可以读作[E]音,也可以读作[i]音。
三、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音 元音字母 读 音 例 词
a在[w]音后面 [C] want what watch wash quality
a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 [α:] after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father i在-nd -ld和gh前 [ai] find child light high o在-st -ld前 [ou] most postcard old cold o在m n v th前 [Λ] come monkey love mother
四、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 读 音 例 词ar在[w]音后面 [α:] car farm dark sharpener [C:] warm quarter towards oror在[w]音后面 [C:] forty morning short [E:] word worker worse er ir ur [E:] certainly bird Thursday辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如: carry sorry hurry -r音节在非重读音节中通常读[E]音,例如:dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday
五、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音 元音字组 读 音 例 词are [εE] care dare hare ere [iE] here mere ire [aiE] fire hire wire ore [C:] more score before ure [juE] pure cure are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读[E]音,例如:picture pleasure重读元音字母加Rr,再加非重读元字组时,重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母Rr读[r]音。例如:parent zero story during inspiring 某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如:orange very American paragraph
六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音 元音字组 读 音 例 词
ai/ay [ei] afraid rain wait day play air [εE] air hair chair pair repair
alal在f m前 [C] small ball talk wall all [C:l] always also salt almost
[α:] half calm au/aw [C:] autumn daughter draw
ea [i:] teach easy cheap please [e] heavy bread sweater weather
[ei] break great ear [iE] hear dear near clear year
[εE] bear pear wear swear [E:] earth learn early
ee [i:] jeep week green three eer [iE] pioneer deer beer
ei/ey [ei] eight neighbour they [i:] either key
eu/ew在j l r s后 [ju:] new few newspaper [u:] flew brew jewelry
ie/ei[s]音之后 [i:] piece field receive oa [ou] coat Joan boat goal
oar/oor [C:] roar board door flooroi/oy [Ci] noise point boy toilet
oo [u:] broom food tooth school [u] book look cook foot good
ou/ow [au] flower house count down [ou] know row throw though
[Λ] young country enough [u:] group you soup
our [C:] course your four [auE] our hour ours [E:] journey
ui在j l r s后 [ju:i] fluid suicide tuition [u:] juice fruit suit七、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音
元音字组或字群 读 音 例 词ai/ay ei/ey [i] Sunday foreign monkey ow [ou] yellow sparrow tomorrow元音字组在非重读音节中读[E]音或[i]。例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee -sion -tion [Fn] impression nation -sion在元音字母后 [Vn] vision decision occasion -tion在s后 [tFEn] question suggestion -sten [sn] listen -stle [sl] whistle -sure [VE] pleasure measure -ture [tFE] picture culture八、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音
复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。例如everyday[ei] handbag[æ] blackboard[C:]有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。例如:sun太阳 + day[ei]日子 > Sunday[i] 星期天holy神圣 + day[ei]日子 > holiday[i] 假日 break中断 + fast[α:]斋戒 > breakfast[E] 早餐 cup茶杯 + board木板[C:] > cupboard[E] 碗柜
数词:数词主要分为基数词和序数词两类。
一、 数词的分类1. 基数词表示数目的词称为基数词。其形式如下:
A.从1——10 one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten.
B.从 11--19 eleven,twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen,eighteen, nineteen.这里除 eleven, twelve,thirteen,fifteen,eighteen为特殊形式外,fourteen,sixteen,seventeen,nineteen都由其个位数形后添加后缀-teen构成。
C.从 21——99整数几十中除twenty,thirty, forty,fifty,eighty为特殊形式外,sixty,seventy,ninety都是其个位数形式后添加后缀-ty构成。表示几十几时,在几十和个位基数词形式之间添加连字符“-”21 twenty-one 76 seventy-six