易错点3： 替代词解析 高考英语复习

易错点3： 替代词解析 

it, that, one, those均可用来替代前面的名词，以避免重复，其用法如下：

一、it和that都替代“the+单数名词(可数或不可数)”，都是特指，但it指前面提到的“同一”事物，而that是指前面提到的“同类”事物。如：

1. The Parkers bought a new house but ________ will need a lot of work before they can move in. (全国卷)

A. they                                                B. it

C. one                                                 D. which

【分析】答案选B。it替代“the + house”，指的就是前面提到的the Parkers所买的那座新房子。

2. Few pleasures can equal ________ of a cool drink on a hot day. (全国卷)

A. some                                               B. any

C. that                                                 D. those

【分析】答案选C。that替代the pleasure，指与前面提到的同属“快乐的事”。

二、one替代“a＋单数可数名词”，表示泛指。特指的the one相当于that；the one复数形式the ones，在口语中也常用those代替；当后面有of短语时，一般用that或those，当有前置修饰语时，只能用one(s)，如the red one。one(s), the one(s), those, that都是替代“同类”事物，其中只有that可替代不可数名词。如：

1. We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made ________ from some wood we had. (广西卷)

A. it       B. one        C. himself               D. another

【分析】答案选B。one替代“a cupboard”。

2. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, ________ I will always treasure. (全国卷)

A. that       B. one   C. it        D. what

【分析】答案选B。one替代“a moment”，作an unforgettable moment的同位语。后面接的是它的定语从句。又如Cook was a strict but good captain, one who took good care of the sailors on his ship.

3. —Why don’t we take a little break?

—Didn’t we just have ________ ? (全国卷)

A. it     B. that     C. one           D. this

【分析】答案选C。one替代a break。

4. Mr Zhang gave the textbooks to all the pupils except ________ who had already taken them. (全国卷)

A. the ones                           B. ones

C. some                              D. the others

【分析】答案选A。后面的定语从句是特指，the ones替代the pupils。此处也可用those。

再试试以下的高考题例：

1.      (07四川) Little joy can equal ____ of a surprising ending when you read stories.

A that    B those    C any     D some

2.       (07陕西) —There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow _____?  —No, I’d rather buy ____ in the bookstore.

A it, one    B one, one    C one, it     D it, it

3.       (07辽宁) The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than ____ in the newspaper.

A it    B those   C one 　　D that

答案：1、A。that替代joy，属于不可数性的名词，只能用that。

2、A．第一空it代替the book，是同一本书。第二空代替books的任何一本，等同于a book，所以用one。

3、D．that代替不可数名词information。

 ………………………………【全文请点击下载word压缩文档】点击下载此文件