易错点7 聚焦同位语从句的高考热点 高考英语复习
易错点7 聚焦同位语从句的高考热点
在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)中的主要从句之一,也是中学英语学习中的重点语法知识点之一。同位语从句在高考中出现的近年有所增多,下面就高考试题对同位语从句总结一下:
考点 1:
1. Do you have any idea ___is actually going on in the classroom? (2005 辽宁) A. that B. what C. as D. which
分析:B idea后边经常接同位语从句。连词视从句意思有所不同。因为从句缺少主语,因此用what。其余常见的接同位语从句的名词还有:fact ,belief,,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,promise,hope,message,possibility,chance等。
2. ( 2005上海卷)Along with the letter was his promise___ he would visit me this coming Christmas
A. which B.that C. what D. whether
答案:B
要点:同位语从句是名词性从句的一种,同学们在学习时应掌握以下几点:
1. 从句用陈述语序。
2. 一般情况下,主从句的时态应保持一致。担当从句表示的是客观事实或普遍真理时,从句仍然用一般现在时。如:
They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick. 对于你生病这件事,他们都很着急。
Magellan’s men’s return from the voyage proved the truth that the earth is round 。
麦哲伦的海员们的航海回归证实了地球是圆的这一真理。
3. 表示“命令、建议、要求”的名词order ,demand ,suggestion等后接同位语从句时,从句的谓语要用虚拟语气,既“should +动词原形”。如:
They mainly discussed the suggestion that a big dam (should ) be built there.
他们主要讨论了在那里建一个大坝这个建议。
考点2:
1. ___is no possibility ___Bob can win the first prize in the match. (Shanghai 2001)
A. there; that B. it ;that C. there ,whether D. it ; whether
分析:there is no possibility意为“没有……的可能性”其中引导同位语从句。故本题选A。
2.(2006天津卷)There is much chance ____ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.
A. that B. which C until D of
答案:A
要点:引导同位语从句的引导词常用that ,近年尤其表示可能性的chance和possibility的同位语从句,地方题多见。
考点3:
1、Information has been put forward ____more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. (Shanghai 2000)
A. while B. that C. when D. as
分析:纵观全句可知information与同位语从句被谓语动词隔开。根据句意,应用that 来引导。故本题选B。
2. (2006四川卷)--- It’s thirty years since we last met.
------ But I still remember the story, believe it or not, ___ we got lost on a rainy night.
A. which B. that C. what D. when
答案:B
3. (2005浙江卷)Danby left word with my secretary ____ he would call again in the afternoon.
A. who B. that C.as D. which
答案:B
要点:有时为了避免头重脚轻,可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后,而被别的词语隔开,在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。这时高考中同位语从句的又一热点。
考点4:
Is this the reason ____at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? (Shanghai2002)
A. he explained B. what he explained
C. how he explained D. why he explained
分析:本题选A。He explained为定语从句,省去了关系代词that/which 。
要点:同位语从句与定语从句的区别
1. 从句的性质不同。
同位语从句用来解释或说明名词的具体内容,二者之间是同位关系;定语从句用来说明先行词的性质与特征,起修饰与限制作用,二者之间是修饰与被修饰的关系。试比较:
We can’t solve the problem how we can travel faster than light.
如何才能超过光的速度,我们解决不了这个问题。
(how从句是the problem的具体内容,为同位语从句)
I can’t remember the problem that they have. 我记不得他们的问题了。
(problem 就是have 的对象,至于the problem的具体内容,没有说明,故是定语从句)
2.引导词的作用不同
同位语从句的引导词不充当句子成分,如(1);或充当成分,但不指代前面的名词,如(2)定语从句的引导词充当句子成分并指代前面的先行词,如(3)。同位语从句 的引导词that一般不可省去。试比较:
(1)Jim got to know the news that the whole village was in great danger.
吉姆得知整个村子都处在极度危险中的消息。………………………………【全文请点击下载word压缩文档】点击下载此文件