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主谓一致讲与练
一、主谓一致三原则
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致,主谓一致必须遵循三原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则,就近一致原则。
1. 语法一致原则:指主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式,主语是复数形式,谓语也用复数形式。例如:
Tom is a good student.
汤姆是个好学生。
They often play football on the playground.
他们经常在操场上踢足球。
2. 意义一致:指主语形式上为单数,但意义为复数,因此谓语动词用复数形式;或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义,这是谓语动词用单数形式。例如:
My family are having lunch now.
我们一家人现在正吃午饭。
Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book.
这本书20美元太贵了。
3. 就近一致:指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式,取决于最靠近他的主语。例如:
Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.
不仅老师喜欢踢足球,而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。
There is a pen and some books on the desk.
课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。
二、 主谓一致常考题型
1. 单数名词(代词),不可数名词作主语时,谓语用单数形式,复数名词(代词)作主语,谓语用复数形式。例如:
The desk is Tom’s.
这张桌子是汤姆的。
Some water is in the bottle.
一些水在瓶子里。
The students are playing football on the playground.
这些学生正在操场上踢足球。
2. many a+单数名词作主语,意义虽为“许多”,但谓语要用单数形式。例如:
Many a student has been to Shanghai.
许多学生到过上海。
3. more than one+单数名词作主语,谓语用单数。例如:
More than one student has ever been to Beijing.
不止一个学生曾经去过北京。
4. 表示时间,价格,重量,数目,长度,数学运算等的词或短语作主语时,这些通常作一个整体概念,谓语用单数形式。例如:
Two months is a long holiday.
两个月是一个长假。
Tweney pounds isn’t so heavy.
2 0英镑并不太重。
Ten miles isn’t a long distance.
1 0英里并不是一段很长的距离。
Five minus four is one.
5减4等于1。
5. 主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时,谓语动词用单数。例如:
Each boy and each girl has got a seat.
每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。
Every man and every woman is at work.
每个男人和女人都在工作。
6. one and a half+复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:
One and a half hours is enough.
一个半小时足够了。
7. 动词不定式,动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:
To see is to believe
眼见为实。
Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.
做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。
8. a/an+单数名词+or two 作主语,谓语动词用单数。例如:
A student or two has failed the exam.
一两个学生考试不及格。
9. 当主语部分含有with,together with,along with,as well as,besides,except,but,like等介词或介词短语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:
Mike with his father has been to England.
迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。
Mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football
迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。10. 由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时,一般用复数形式,但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人,事物,或概念时,谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下:a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词,指的是同一个人或物;a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词,指两个人或物。例如:
The writer and teacher is coming.
那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人)
The writer and the teacher are coming.
作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)
11. people,police等集体名词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式,family,class,group,team等集体名词作主语,若指一个整体时,谓语动词用单数形式,若指一个具体成员时,谓语动词复数形式。例如:
People here are very friendly.
这儿的人很友好。
His family isn’t large.
他家的人不多。
My family all like watching TV.
我们一家人都喜欢看电视。
12. 不定代词somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothing作主语,谓语动词用单数,例如:
Is everyone here today.
今天大家到齐了吗?
Something is wrong with him.
他有毛病。
Nobody was in.
没有人在家。
13. each,either,neither,another,the other 作主语,谓语动词用单数。例如:
Each of them has an English dictionary.
他们每人都有一本英语词典。
Neither answer is correct.
两个答案都不正确。
14. 以—s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义,谓语通常用单数形式,如news,maths,physics等,例如:
No news is good news.
没有消息就是好消息。
Maths is very popular in our class
在我们班数学很受欢迎。
15. 由both…and…连接两个单数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;由or,either…or…,neither…nor…,not only…but also…,not…but…,连接两个名词或代词作主语时,根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。例如: Both his father and his mother are both teachers.
他的爸爸和妈妈都是老师。
Tom or Jack is wrong.
不是汤姆就是杰克错了。
Either this one or that one is ok.
这一个或那一个都行。
16. a number of+复数名词作主语,谓语动词用复数;the number of +复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。例如:
A number of famous people were invited to party.
许多名人都被邀请参加这个聚会。





