结合2010年中考考点 初中语法总结之一

七年级上册（Unit 1-----Unit 12）

一．重点短语

1.in English   2.what color  3.first name  4.last / family name  5.ID card  6.telephone number  7.pencil case   8.pencil sharpener 9.computer games 10.lost and found 11.a set of  12.a phone of  13.under the tabler 14.on the sofa 15.on the dresser  16.in the drawer 17.math book  18.video tape  19.alarm clock  20.take…to  21.bring …to 22.tennis racket  23.play ping-pong /soccer /vollyball 24.sports collection  25.baseball bat 26.watch TV  27.play sports  28.on TV  29. basketball game 30.French fried  31.ice cream 32.running star 33.lots of /a lot of

34.for breakfast/lunch/dinner  35.at a very good price  36.in red /green  37.for oneself 38.have a look at /look at  39.on sale  40.date of birth  41.English speech contest 42.school trip  43.birthday party  44.school day  45.Art/Music Festival  46.English party  47.go to a movie  48.action movie 49.see a comedy 50.learn about  51.on weekends  52.in the movie  53.play chess  54.play the guitar /piano /drums  55.join the music club  56.rock band   57.be in /join

58.be good with sb.  59.go to school  60.getup 61.eat /have breakfast /lunch /dinner 62.brush one’s teeth  63.have/take a shower  64.go to work  65.after breakfast  66.take the number 17 bus 67.all night  68.get home  69.listen to  70.go to bed  71.in the morning/afternoon/evening  72.do one’s homework  73.my favorite subject  74.speakEnglish  75.be busy doing sth /be busy with sth   76.have math   77.after class  78. play with  79.call sb at….

二.考点归纳

考点1.Thanks for doing sth

 Eg . Thanks for having us .

考点2.Here is / are …

 Eg .Here is a letter for you

Here are some frowers for you .

考点3.take /bring

take 带/拿走, 把sb./sth.从说话处带到别处

bring 带来/拿来 ,把sb./sth.从别处带到说话处

eg .The food is bad ,please take it away .

Please bring your homework here tomorrow .

考点4.have 用法

1).肯定句: Sb/Sth +have/has/had +….

2).否定句: Sb/Sth +don’t /doesn’t /didn’t +have …

3).疑问句: Do/Does/Did +sb/sth +have +…?

 回答: Yes, sb +do /does /did

 No, sb +don’t /doesn’t /didn’t

考点5.Let’s + do sth

 

考点6.like 的用法

1) like sth 

2)like to do sth /like doing sth

3)like sb to do sth

考点7.询问价格

How much +be +sth ? = What’s the price of sth?

考点8.Can I help you ? = What can I do for you ?

考点9.I’ll take it = I’ll buy it

考点10.price 作名词, “价格,价钱”  以 …价格, 用介词 at .

at a low /high price 以低/高价…

考点11.aslo /too / either

1)also /too 表示 “也” 用于肯定句 ,aslo 用于句中, too 用于句末.

2)either 用于否定句的句末.

考点12.询问sb 的生日是什么时候?

When is one’s birthday ?  It’s ….

考点13.want 用法

1)want sth

2)want to do sth = would like to do sth = feel like doing sth

3)want sb to do sth

考点14.and / or /but 区别

1)and /or 表示 “并列”用法区别

and 表示 “并列”用于肯定句, 否定句或疑问句用or

注:在否定句中并列成分用or 连接,若用and则重复使用前面的否定词.

Eg .I don’t like white or black .

 I have no books and no pens.

2).and /but

and 表 “并列” 而but 表 “转折”

考点15.think 用法

 Sb +think +主语+谓语

注: 否定前移

考点16.play 的用法

1)play 与乐器连用,乐器前一定加定冠词the

2)play 与球类活动搭配.球类活动前不加冠词

3)play with … 与……玩/玩耍

考点17.Can you +动词原形 ? 回答: Yes, I can / No ,I can’t .

考点18.句型: May I know / have your name ?

考点19.同义句: What’s your favorite subject ?=  What subject do you like best ?

考点20.同义句: take a bus to … = go to …by bus .

考点21.询问职业:

1)What do /does sb do ?

2)What’s one’s job ?

3)What + be +sb ?

考点22.询问爱好:

What +be +one’s +hobby/hobbies ?

考点23.help 的用法

1) help sb with sth

2)help sb do /to do sth

3)help do sth

4) can’t help doing sth

考点24.what time /when

1) what time 常用来问钟点

2)when 既可以问钟点(这时what time =when ),也可问日期,月份,年份,…..ago. (这时what time ≠when )

考点25.How many/How much 的区别

1)How many +名词的复数+一般疑问句?

2)How much +不可数名词+一般疑问句?

3) How much +be + 名词? 询问价格

考点26.listen / hear/hear about 的区别

1)listen to “听……” 指努力地听…… 强调 “听”的过程.

2)hear 听到/见 ,强调 “听”的结果

3)hear about /of 听说, 强调间接地听到

考点27.look /wacth /see/read 的区别

1)look “看” 指看一看,不管结果如何,强调看的动作,后接宾语时常代at

2)watch “看,观看” 特别留意……, 感兴趣地看运动着的东西.

3)see “看到/见” 强调看的结果,有意或无意地看到, 无进行时.

4)read “看书籍之类”

考点28.Excuse me /sorry 的区别

1)Excuse me 常用来事前请别人帮忙,或会打扰别人的情况.

2)Sorry /I’m sorry “对不起,抱歉”,一般用于事后对所犯错误或不能满足对方的要求等表示歉意.

七年级下册（Unit 1—Unit6）

一．重点短语

1.be from/come from   2.live in   3.write to   4.post office  5.pay phone   6.across from

7.next to   8.in front of   9.on the right/left   10.talk a walk   11.have fun doing sth 

12.between…and   13.go straight   14.turn left/right   15.welcome to … 16.a little 

17.the beginning of   18.next Sunday  19.the way to   20.on one’s right /left  21.go through  22.have a good trip   23.go down…   24.at night    25.be friendly to sb    26.play with  

27.be quiet/keep quiet  28.want to be    29.bank clerk   30.shop assistant  31.give sb sth =

give sth to sb 32.get…from…33.in the day 34.talk to /with  35.be interested in  36.work hard  37.children of 5—12  38.talk on the phone   39.wait for sb/sth 40.at school  41.at home  42.some…others..43.take a photo/ take photos  44.go out to dinner   45.have a good time  46.at the pool

二.考点归纳

考点1.come from = be from

注: Where do /does sb come from ? =Where be sb from ?

考点2.询问说什么语言

 What language do /does sb speak ?

 Sb speak(s) …

考点3.dislike = not like = hate

考点4. There be 句型归纳

There be 句型

1). 定义：There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。

2). 结构：

(1) There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 地点状语.

(2) There are +复数名词+地点状语.

   注：谓语动词be要与主语（某人或某物）的数保持一致。当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时，谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致。

eg.  ① There_____(be) a bird in the tree. 

② There______(be) a teacher and many students in our classroom. 

③ There______(be) two boys and a girl under the tree.

3).  There be句型与have的区别：

(1) There be 句型和have都表示“有”的含义。区别如下：There be表示“某处存在某物或某人”；have表示“某人拥有某物/某人”，它表示所有、拥有关系。   eg.

   ①He has two sons.   他有两个儿子。

   ②There are two men in the office.    办公室里有两个男人。

(2)当have表示“包括”、“存在”的含义时，There be 句型与其可互换。

eg.   A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week.  一个星期有七天。

4)There be 的句型转换

a).否定句 : There be +not +名词+地点

注意：not和no的区别：not是副词，no为形容词，not a/an/any + n. 相当于no+ n.。

There are some pictures on the wall. →There aren't any pictures on the wall. =There are no pictures on the wall.

b）一般疑问句  Be +there +名词+地点？

注意：当肯定句中有some时，要将其改为any（否定变化也一样）。

There is some water on Mars. → Is there any water on Mars?

There are some fish in the water. →Are there any fish in the water?

c).特殊疑问句

There be句型的特殊疑问句形式有以下三种变化：

① 对主语提问：

当主语是人时， "Who's+介词短语?  当主语是物时， "What's + 介词短语?

注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。如：

There are many things over there. →What's over there?

There is a little girl in the room.→Who is in the room?

② 对地点状语提问： Where is / are+主语?

There is a computer on the desk. → Where is the computer?

There are four children on the playground. →Where are the four children?

③ 对数量提问：一般有两种句型结构：

How many+复数名词+are there+介词短语？

How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语？

考点5.with 表伴随

1)with + sth

2)with +sth + adj

3)with +sth +介词短语

考点6.arrive to(in) /get to /reach 的区别

1)arrive in +大地点/ arrive at +小地点= get to … = reach +…

2)若地点为地点副词时,则省掉介词in/ at /to

3)若后面没有地点时,只能用arrive

考点7.let 的用法

1)Let’s +动词原形.

2)Let +sb + 动词原形

3)否定形式: Don’t let sb do sth / Let sb not do sth

4)Let’s not do sth

5)反意疑问句: a) Let’s ….. , shall we ?        b) Let us ….. , will you ?

考点8.other /else 的区别

1)other 放在名词之前

2)else 放在不定代词/疑问词之后

3)else 的所有格 else’s

考点9.across/through /over 的区别

1)across “横穿,穿过”(着重强调从一个物体表面的一面到另一面)

2)through “穿过” 从物体的内部空间穿过

3)over “跨越/越过” 从物体上方越过,不与物体表面接触.

考点10.询问天气：

 How is the weather …?= What’s the weather like …?

考点11.as 作介词. “作为”讲

 He works as a teacher .

 

七年级下册（Unit 7—Unit12）

一．重点短语

1.look like  2.medium build  3.curly hair   4.medium height 5.the captain of  6.tell jokes

7.have a new look 8.go shopping  9.what size  10.orange juice 11.green tea

12.do some reading  13.study for the text   14.have a party   15.clean the room   16.cook sb sth = cook sth for sb 17.talk show    18.look for  19.a little bit  20.go on vacation 

21.summer camp   22.walk back to   23.think of   24.in fact   25.the Great Wall  

26.the Palace Museum   27.agree with   28.have to   29.sports shoes   30.Children’s Palace 31.no talking 32.show sb sth = show sth to sb   33.be in bed    34.by ten o’clock 

35.make dinner    36.a thirteen-year-old boy

二.考点归纳

考点1.询问人的长相:

What does /do sb look like ? 回答用表示人的外貌或长相的词.

What does your aunt look like ? _______ .

 A. She is tall with curly hair   B.She is shy and quiet  C.She likes doing chores

考点2.say /tell /speak /talk 的区别

1).say :说/讲 着重说的内容,它的宾语只能是 “话” 不是人.

2).tell :告诉某人某事.

A) tell sb sth .   B).tell sb about sb /sth

3).speak:表示讲何种语言/打电话中   eak to sb )

4).talk: 交谈. talk to /with sb   talk about sth

 How do you _____ this in English ?

 I have something important to _______ you .

 She can _______ three languages now .

 He is ______ with his penpal now .

考点3.stop 的用法.

1)stop doing sth 停止正在做的事情

2)stop to do sth 停下(正在做的事情)来做另一件事

3)stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人干某事

4)can’t stop doing sth 情不自禁干某事

The students stopped ______(talk)when the teacher came to the classroom .

They are very tired ,but they didn’t want to stop ______ (rest ).

考点4.remember 的用法

1).remember to do sth记得将要干某事(事没做)

2).remember doing sth .记得曾经做过某事(事已做)

考点5.do /does /did 可作代替动词,代替上文的实义动词,以避免重复.

Who broke the window ?  Tom _______.

Who often helps the old man ? He _______.

考点6.would like 的用法:

1).would like sth .

2).would like to do sth

3).would like sb to do sth

4).Would you like sth ? 的回答: Yes ,please / No ,thanks .

5).Would you like to do sth ?的回答:

Yes ,I’d love to / I’d love to , but … .

考点7.spend 的用法:

句型:Sb + time /money +(in) doing sth

    Sb +time/money + on sth

She spent two hours ______(read )a story .

考点8. do some /the + v-ing   做某事

do some shopping   do some cleaning  do some washing

考点9.What about 的用法

1).What about doing sth ?

2).How about /What about doing sth ?= Why not do sth ?

考点10.句型: How +be +….? 怎么样?  于What +be +……+like ?

What was your weekend like ? =   ___ was your weekend ?

考点11.watch 的用法:

1).watch sb do sth 观看某人做了某事

2).watch sb doing sth 观看某人正在干某事

 The teacher is watching them ______ (play ) football.

 I often watch her ______(play )football.

考点12.It’s time 的用法

1)It’s time for sth 该到某事的时间了

2)It’s time to do sth该到干某事的时间了

3)It’s time for sb to do sth该到某人干某事的时间了

考点13.have fun doing sth 很高兴干某事

We had great fun _______(play) in the water .

考点14.find 的用法:

1).find sb +adj 发现某人怎么样

2).find sb + 名词 发现某人是……

3).find sb doing sth 发现某人正在干某事

4).find it +adj+ to do sth 发现干某事怎么样

5).find +that 从句 发现……

He found it was hard to work out the math problem .=

He found____hard ____ work out the math problem

考点15.make 的用法

1).make sb do sth 使某人干某事

2).make sb +adj 使某人怎么样

3).make sb +名词 使某人成为……

4).make +oneself +过去分词 使自己被干某事

5).be made to do sth 被迫干某事

That made me _______(feel) very happy.

His words made me _______(sadly).

He raised his voice to make himself _______ (hear).

考点16.句型

1)don’t have any money for sth .没有钱干某事

2)don’t have enough money to do sth =

can’t afford to do sth 没有足够多钱干某事

I didn’t have any money for a taxi.

I don’t have enough money to buy a car.= I can’t ______ ______ buy a car.

考点17.decide的用法

1)同义词组:decide to do sth= make a decision to do sth = make up one’s mind to do sth

决定干某事

2)decide not to do sth

考点18.同义句:

What do you think of ….? =

How do you like …..?

考点19.can’t stand 的用法

1).can’t stand sth /sb  不能忍受某事/某人

2).can’t stand doing sth 不能忍受干某事

考点20.mind的用法

1).mind doing sth 介意干某事

2)mind one’s doing sth 介意某人干某事

3)句型:Would you mind …?的回答:

   不介意: No,please / certainly not  / of course not / Not at all

   介意: I’m sorry ,but I do / Yes, I do mind / Better not .

Would you mind my _______(close )the door ?

考点21. enjoy doing sth

 

考点22.too many/ too much /much too

1)too many + 复数名词

2)too much + 不可数名词

3)much too + 形容词或副词

考点23.must/ have to 的区别

1)must 表示说话人的主观看法,没有时态,人称变化

2)have to 表示客观方面的必须,外界迫使某人不得不做某事. 有人称和时态的变化.

3)must的否定句mustn’t 不容许,禁止

4)have to 的否定句 don’t /doesn’t /didn’t +have to 不必须 = needn’t

You needn’t come early = You don’t _____ _____ come early .