Unit1 名师点津（新人教版必修一） 2011届高考英语总复习名师全程导学案

Scientists note that babies are strongly influenced by their environment .They say a baby will smile if her mother does something the baby likes .A baby learns to get the best care possible by smiling to please her mother or other caregivers .This is how babies learn to connect and communicate with other human beings .
One study shows that babies can learn before they are born .The researchers placed a tape recorder on the stomach of a pregnant woman .Then，they played a recording of a short story .On the day the baby was born，the researchers attempted to find if he knew the sounds of the story repeated while in his mother .They did this by placing a device in the mouth of the newborn baby .
The baby would hear the story if he moved his mouth one way .If the baby moved his mouth the other way，he would hear a different story .The researchers say the baby clearly liked the story he had heard before he was born .They say the baby would move his mouth so he could hear the story again and again .
Another study shows how mothers can strongly influence social development and language skills in their children .
Researchers studied the children from the age of one month to three years .The researchers attempted to measure the sensitivity of the mothers .The women were considered sensitive if they supported their children’s activities and did not interfere unnecessarily .They tested the children for thinking and language development when they were three years old .Also，the researchers observed the women for signs of depression .
The children of depressed women did not do as well in tests as the children of women who did not suffer from depression .The children of depressed women did poorly in tests of language skills and understanding what they heard .
These children also were less cooperative and had more problems dealing with other people .The researchers noted that the sensitivity of the mothers was important to the intelligence development of their children .Children did better when their mothers were caring，even when they suffered from depression .
【解题导语】　本文主要讲述了婴幼儿的智力发育情况，通过两个实验表明：婴儿在生命的第一天就可以开始学习，母亲的情感能强烈地影响孩子的社会发展和语言技巧。
1．According to the passage，which of the following is NOT the factor that influences the intelligence development in babies?
A．The environment .　　　　　B．Mother’s sensitivity .
C．Their peers(同龄人)  .     D．Education before birth .
解析：选C。归纳总结题。影响婴幼儿智力发育的因素有：the environment，mother’s sensitivity，education before birth三个方面。只有C项原文没有提到。
2．What is the purpose of the experiment in which newborn babies heard the stories?
A．To prove that babies can learn before they are born .
B．To prove that babies can learn on the first day they are born .
C．To show mothers can strongly influence the intelligence development in their babies .
D．To indicate early education has a deep effect on the babies’ language skills .
解析：选A。细节推断题。从文中第三段第一句话“One study shows that babies can learn before they are born .”可知答案。
3．Which group of children did the worst in tests of language skills?
A．The children of depressed mothers who cared little for their children .
B．The children of women who did not suffer from depression .
C．The children of depressed but caring mothers .
D．Children with high communication abilities .
解析：选A。推理判断题。从文章的最后两段可以看出，如果母亲意志消沉，对自己的孩子关心甚少，那么孩子在智力和语言方面的发育就会比其他孩子差。
4．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Scientific findings about how babies develop before birth .
B．Scientific findings about how the environment has an effect on babies’intelligence .
C．A study shows babies are not able to learn things until they are born or six months old .
D．Scientific findings about how intelligence develops in babies .
解析：选D。主旨大意题。本文通过两个实验来说明婴幼儿的智力发育情况。

B
(2010年山东兖州市模块检测)You wake up in the morning，the day is beautiful and the plans for the day are what you have been looking forward to for a long time .Then the telephone rings，you say hello，and the drama starts .The person on the other end has a depressing(令人沮丧的)tone in his voice as he starts to tell you how terrible his morning is and that there is nothing to look forward to .Are you still in a wonderful mood？Impossible!
Communicating with negative people can wash out your happiness .It may not change what you think，but communicating long enough with them will make you feel depressed for a moment or a long time .
Life brings ups and downs，but some people are stuck in the wrong idea that life has no happiness to offer .They only feel glad when they make others feel bad .No wonder they can hardly win others’pity or respect .
When you communicate with positive people，your spirit stays happy and therefore more positive things are attracted .When the dagger(匕首)of a negative person is put in you，you have the heavy feeling that all in all，brings you down .
Sometimes we have no choice but to communicate with negative people .This could be a co­worker，or a relative .In this case，say what needs to be said as little as possible .Sometimes it feels good to let out your anger back to the negative person，but all this does is to lower you to that same negative level and they won’t feel ashamed of themselves about that .

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