语法系列复习专题之情态动词

    例如：Stand still,will/would/won’t you?

    2.“否定祈使句＋附加问句”结构，附加问句常用will/would you形式。

    例如：Don’t watch TV,will/would you?

    3.Let’s…,shall we? ; Let us…,will/won’t you?

    4.含有must句子的反意问句

    1)must表示“必须”时，附加部分常用needn’t,也可用mustn’t.例如：He must go with you,needn’t/mustn’t he?

    2)mustn’t表“一定不能”时，附加部分用may.例如：She mustn’t leave,may she?

    3)must表“一定、想必”推测意时，附加部分主要有下列几种形式：

    A.He must be an engineer,isn’t he?They must be writing now,aren’t they?(这类句子问句前部分含“must be…”或“must be doing…”。)

    B.She must have a car/live there, doesn’t she?

    C.He must have seen the film,hasn’t he？(这类句子问句前部分的谓语为must have done,句子无具体过去时间状语。)

    D.He must have seen the film last week,didn’t he?(这类句子问句前面部分的谓语为must have done,句子有具体过去时间状语。)

    E.Mother must have been shopping then,wasn’t she?(前面部分谓语为must have been doing。)

    5.含有may表推测的句子，其反意问句形式与must表推测的反意问句形式相似。

    例如：She may have finished her homework,hasn’t she?

五、几组词语辨析

    1.must与have to:must强调说话者的主观看法，have to强调客观需要，表示“不必”意要用needn’t或don’t/didn’t/won’t have to,不能用mustn’t。

    2.can/could与be able to:can多用于现在时，也可用于将来时，could只用于过去时，be able to可用于各种时态。表示“过去经过努力而做成(或没做成)”要用was/were(not) able to ，而不用could(not)。例如：He worked hard,but he wasn’t able to pass the exam.

    3.will,would,used to:都可表“习惯”意。①will表示不受时间限制的习惯性动作。如：Fish will die out of water./ She’ll sit for hours without saying anything.

②would表示过去习惯性的动作，但不涉及与现在情况的对比。如：He would walk by the river in the morning.注意：would后不能跟表状态动词。例如不能说He would be late for school last year. ③used to表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但这种习惯现在已不存在了。如：He used to get up early. He used to be late for school.

情态动词考点分析

    1.－Could I borrow your dictionary?   (NMET)

      －Yes,of course you________.

      A.might             B.will          C.can          D.should

    析：B、D意明显不合；A语气不妥，与of course不符。此题Could是表Can意的委婉说法，并非过去时，所以答案应为C。

    2.－Shall I tell John about it?

      －No,you_________.I’ve told him already.   (NMET)

      A.needn’t         B.wouldn’t        C.mustn’t         D.shoudn’t

    析：B意明显不合用，可排除。mustn’t意“不许、不得”，shouldn’t意“不应该”都不合情景。只有needn’t表“不必”与下文“I’ve told him already”相贴切。   

    3.－There were already five people in the car,but they managed to take me as well.

      －It_________a comfortable journey.   (NMET)

      A.can’t be                     B.shouldn’t be     

      C.mustn’t have been            D.couldn’t have been   

    析：A、B是对现在情况而言，与情景不合。表否定推测不能说mustn’t have been,只有D选项“不可能是”意思切合，时态也对，故为正确答案。

    4.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly ，but everyone________get out.

(NMET)

      A.could       B.would        C.was able to               D.had to

    析：根据题干提供的情景B、D皆应排除。在A、C两选项中，因为根据情景要选一个“经过努力能够”这样意思的词，故定答案为C。

    5.I told Sally how to get here,but perhaps I________for her.

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