语法系列复习专题之定语从句

定语从句

一、定语从句与引导词

定语从句是在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫做选行词，

而引导定语从句的词叫引导词，有关系代词和关系副词两类。

懂得什么样的先行词后用什么样的引导词是学好定语从句的关键。

1． 关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose,在定语从句中作主语、宾语中表语，whose

   作定语。代人的有：who,whom,whose,that；代物的有：that,which,whose.例如：

   The man who helped you is Mr White.(who代人，在定语从句中作主语)

   That is the person(whom/who/that) you want to see.(whom,who,that代人，在定

   语从句中作宾语，可省略)

   I´m not the fool(that) you thought me to be.(that代人，在定从中作表语)

   A dictionary is a useful book which(＝that) tells us the meaning of words(which

  或that代物，在定从中作主语)

2． 关系副词有：when(指时间)，where(指地点),why(指原因)，在定语从句中作状语。

例如：Would you suggest a time(when) we can have a talk?(when可省略)

The house where they live is not very large./This is the reason why he did not came to the meeting.

注意：不是表时间的先行词都用when引导定从，不是表地点的先行词都用where引导定从。例如：We´ll visit the factory which(＝that) makes radios.

(which或that在定从中作主语，where不可用主语，故不可用)

They still remember the happy days(which/that) they spent in Beidaihe.

(which或that在定从中作spent的宾语，when不可作宾语，故不可用)

二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句和主句之间不用逗号分开，修饰主句中的某一个名词或名词词组或代

词；非限制性定语从句常用逗号和主句隔开，可以修饰主句中的某一个词，也可修饰整个句子。非限制性定语从句不能用that引导，引导非限制性定语从句的关系词不能省略。非限制性定语从句例：Li Ping´s father, who works in a factory, is an engineer./He tore up my photo, which made me very angry.(which指代主句内容，因前后两句是因果关系，此时which不可换为as。)

He is good at physics, as is known to us all.＝As is known to us all, he is good at physics.(as指代主句内容，在as is known/believed, as we all know/believe这类结构中as不可换为which)

三、只用that引导和不用that引导的场合

1． 只用that引导和不用that引导的场合

1） 当先行词既包括人又包括物时：He talked about the men and the books that attracted

   him.

2） 指物的先行词被any, every, only, very, all, no等修饰时：These are the very points that interest me./That´s the only watch that I like most.

3） 指物的先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时：The first step that we are to take is very difficult./This is the second card that he gave me.

4） 先行词是指物的不定代词all,little,few,much,及everything,anything,nothing等时：There is still much that can be done about it./Have you got everything that you need?

5） 先行词是who时：Who that have seen him does not like him?

2． 不用that的场合如下：

1）非限制性定语从句中    Last night ,I saw a very good film,which was about the Long

March .

2）介词放在关系代词之前时   This is the man from whom I learnt the news

3）句中出现了that，或先行词是that时    I have found that which I was looking for.

四、“介词＋关系代词”用法

1． 介词的确定应依据定语从句中短语的习惯性搭配，例如：Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands?(shake hands with…是习惯性搭配)

2． 介词常受先行词的制约（即介词和先行词的搭配），例如：He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.(through which 即through the telescope)

3． 当关系代词作“动词＋介词”固定短语的宾语时，此时因定短语中的介词不能拆开移到关系代词前。例如：This is the watch which you´re looking for./He is a kind of man whom you can safely depend on.

五、几个名词后的引导词

1.situation后常用where,in which引导定语从句：Can you imagine a situation where/in

  which you can use the word?

2.way(方式，方法)后常用in which或that或how引导定语从句，也可省略：Do you know the way(in which/that/how) he worked out the problem?

3.“the same＋名词”，“such＋名词”，“as＋名词”后通常用as引导定语从句。

例如：I have the same dictionary as you(have)./Such a book as you bought is not worth buying.

定语从句考点分析

1． The best work ______ Luxun wrote and ______ I have read has been made into a film.

A.which;that    B.that;×    C.×;that    D.×;×

析：如果两个定语从句并列，关系代词作宾语时前一句的可以省略，但后一句的不可省略，故应选C。

2． It was in 1969 ______ two Americans got to the moon by space ship.

It was 1969 ______ two Amerians got to the moon by space ship.

A.when    B.which    C.that    D.×

析：第一句是强调时间in 1969,强调结构是“It was＋强调部分＋that句”，故应选C。第二句It是表时间的，先行词1969在从句中作状语，故选A。

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