情态动词考点剖析 高考英语

高考试题中有关情态动词用法的考题屡见不鲜。但是考生对情态动词的把握不是很好。情态动词表示推测的用法是重要的，也是教学情态动词的关键部分。“情态动词 + do”表示对现在推测的用法；“情态动词+ have + done”表示过去推测或虚拟的用法。

考点一 情态动词 + do

1. must“一定”

(1) — Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is?

— She _______ in the classroom. I saw her there just now. (2009重庆)

A. shall be            B. should have been   C. must be    D. might have been

(2) — It’s the office! So you _______ know eating is not allowed here.

— Oh, sorry. (2009湖南)

A. must      B. will       C. may D. need

【分析】表示肯定猜测时或表示现在或将来必须做某事时用must + 动词原形。

2. may“可能，也许”

Some people who don’t like to talk much are not necessarily shy; they _______ just be quiet people. (2009安徽)

A. must       B. may     C. should     D. would

【分析】表示推测时用may，“可能，也许”不太喜欢讲话的人，不一定是害羞。他们可能只是喜欢安静的人。may用于肯定句或否定句，在否定句中表示“可能不”。

3. can表示客观事实上的一种可能性

(1) One of the few things you _______ say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather. (2009北京)

   A. need     B. must      C. should      D. can

(2) You _______ be hungry already — you had lunch only two hours ago! (2008浙江)

A. wouldn’t       B. can’t       C. mustn’t         D. needn’t

【分析】can表推测，意为“可能，或许”，用于疑问句或否定句中。can’t后用一般式表示对现在情况的否定推测。

4. should表示“应该”，也可用来表虚拟

(1) This printer is of good quality. If it _______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. (2009天津)

A. would          B. should     C. could      D. might

(2) — I don’t care what people think. 

— Well, you _______. (2009四川)

A. could     B. would     C. should        D. might

(3) What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There _______ be twelve. (2009海南)

A. should    B. would     C. will       D. shall

【分析】表示根据已知的事实来判断“应该”,或者是按道理说“应该”用should。对将来的虚拟，从句用“If + 主语+ 动词过去式 / should + v. / were to + v.”，主句形式为“主语+would / should / could / might + v.”。

考点二 情态动词 + have done

(1) It _______ have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car. (2009上海)

A. may       B. can        C. must        D. should

【分析】must have done “过去一定……”，表示对过去情况极大把握的推测。

(2) He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he _______ it differently. (2009江苏)

A. could express    B. would express  C. could have expressed   D. must have expressed

【分析】could + have +过去分词表示对过去能做而未做的事感到惋惜、遗憾。couldn’t + have +过去分词表示对过去情况的推测，意思是“不可能”，与can’t have done用法相同。

(3) — I’m sorry. I _______ at you the other day.

— Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself. (2008江苏)

A. shouldn’t shout  B. shouldn’t have shouted C. mustn’t shout D. mustn’t have shouted

【分析】“should / ought to + have + 过去分词”表示过去应该做而未做某事，含有惋惜、责备的意味。

(4) What a pity. Considering his ability and experience, he _______ better. (2008江西)

A. need have done  B. must have done  C. can have done   D. might have done

【分析】 may(not) +have + 过去分词表示对过去发生事情的推测，把握性比can的相应小。might表可能，比may的可能性小，若用于might(not) + have + 过去分词，则表示对过去发生事情的推测，把握性比can的相应结构小。

(5) But for the help of my English teacher, I _______ the first prize in the English Writing Competition. (2009福建)

A. would not win     B. would not have won   C. would win    D. would have won

【分析】用but for, without等介词短语表达条件。此处虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反，句子谓语动词用would / should / could / might + have done结构，

【考题精练】

1. — Guess what! I have got A for my term paper.

— Great! You ______ read widely and put a lot of work into it. (2007上海)

A. must            B. should             C. must have           D. should have

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