定语和定语从句考点剖析

定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子。

一、作定语的词

1. The ____ shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into _____ car. (2009江西)

A. girl’s; Tom’s    B. girls’; Toms’   C. girls’; Tom’s     D. girl’s; Toms’

2. Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for ______ building. (2009湖北)

A. respect       B. friendship        C. reputation        D. character

【分析】充当定语的有：形容词、代词或名词所有格（1题）、名词（2题）、数词、介词短语或副词、不定式、分词等。

二、定语从句

考点一 正确选择各种关系代词

1. Whenever I met her, _____ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. (2009山东)

A. who         B. which         C. when        D. that

2. A person ____ e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails. (2009天津)

A. who         B. whom          C. whose       D. whoever

【分析】找准先行词，确定它代表什么、作什么成分或有什么特殊情况，然后来确定关系代词，第1题考查非限制性定语从句，指代前面一个句子，用which；第2题先行词在定语从句中充当定语用whose。

考点二 正确选择各种关系副词

1. She’ll never forget her stay there _____ she found her son who had gone missing two years before. (2009四川)

A. that       B. which       C. where              D. when

2. — What do you think of teacher, Bob?

— I find it fun and challenging. It is a job ___ you are doing something serious but interesting. (2009北京)

A. where     B. which      C. when                D. that

【分析】表示时间、地点或原因的先行词如果在定语从句中作状语，用关系副词when, where, why；有些关系副词等于介词+which。注意：有些先行词比较抽象，要结合句子的具体语境，如第2题job是先行词，可看成是一个抽象的地点概念。

考点三 关系代词的省略及先行词的缺失（增加句子的迷惑性）

1. The house I grew up ____has been taken down and replaced by an office building.

A. in it      B. in      C. in that       D. in which (2009江西)

2. Is this factory ______ you worked in ten years ago?

A. where      B. the one         C. which          D. there

【分析】省略的关系代词在定语从句中作宾语；先行词缺失题可利用句子还原法，分析句子结构即可得出答案。第1题还原为：The house ( which / that I grew up in )主语后面紧跟的是定语从句。第2题还原为：Is this factory the one that …。

考点四 定语从句的主谓一致

He is the only one of the students who ______ a winner of the scholarship for three years.

A. is            B. are            C. have been         D. has been

【分析】关系代词在定语从句中作主语，其谓语动词应与先行词的人称及数保持一致。“the only one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句”，中心词为the only one，谓语动词用单数形式。

考点五 定语从句的分隔现象

I have reached a point in my life ______ I am supposed to make decisions of my own. (2009浙江)

A. which          B. where          C. how            D. why

【分析】认真分析定语从句所缺的成分，抛开插入语及其它次要成分来确定先行词。

考点六 设置双重定语从句

I shall never forget those years _____ I lived in the country with the farmers, ____ has a great effect on my life.

A. in that; which        B. when; which       C. which; that       D. when; who

【分析】找准每个先行词及其在从句中所作的成分。

考点七 根据定语从句中的思维定势，设置理解障碍

1. — What’s your husband’s birthday?

— The same day of my birthday, _____ I can’t forget.

A. that         B. when           C. which           D. as that

【分析】只有仔细分析题干中的具体背景引起的新变化，观察似曾相识的题干有无创新之处并尽可能理清来龙去脉才能成功解题。如不考虑后面的非限制性定语从句，只看到先行词由same修饰会选错答案。

考点八 正确选择“介词 + 关系代词”

1. Gun control is a subject     Americans have argued for a long time. (2009陕西)

A. of which      B. with which     C. about which      D. into which

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