如何提高大学英语四级阅读技巧

4.1 Skimming and scanning
Generally speaking, readers read the material at the first time to get a general impression of the test (the first reading is called skimming) and a second time in order to find the important details in the test (the second reading is called scanning).[9]R68
Skimming means that a person can accomplish at the fastest speed. It is used when a reader wishes to get the general expression quickly. Skimming is different from average reading. The students leave out of the reading material and have clear ideas .Skimming requires that readers selectively omit some parts of the reading material .when readers skim, they need to get the main idea, but not all of the details of the information. Skimming is a very useful skill. It will help readers have a better understand on the topic in a set time and help them do the reading better.
Scanning is another useful skill, it is the term used to describe a reading process in which we are searching for certain factors or information. When students do questions in reading section, they can catch the key word in the questions and scan the specific information in the passage, and answer the question. [10]R66-67
Whether readers scan or skim depends on what kind of text they are facing in the CET—4. In order to improve the speed of reading, sometimes readers can use this two methods together and practice themselves to be an efficient reader and save the time in the test.
4.2 Step
There are two different procedures to finish the reading comprehension:
  (1) Read the whole passage , then start answering questions, students may skim the materials first and get an overall understanding of the materials .The disadvantage of this method is the lack of clear purpose ,because students do not pay much attention to some details when they are reading quickly.
(2) Go over the questions quickly and then read the whole passage with these questions. The purpose is clear and it is likely to save time, but because of the lack of comprehension of the whole passage it is hard to get the correct information. [11]R36

5. The main types of questions and countermeasures
Some types of test in reading comprehension is standard and relatively stable. This part includes main ideas, inference (reasoning), judgment, vocabulary, paragraph of sentence, etc.
5.1 How to judge the topic sentence
1) “ the topic sentence generalizes more information than any other sentence in the passage
2) the author repeats the idea or the key words
3) some words infer the information such as: in short, result in ,.consequently,  since ,as ,therefore, thus, but, however, I suggest/thing /believe----,the conclusion to be draw is obvious, etc.” [12]R43
Here are some examples from formal tests:
No.1 Example :( from CET-4 2001, 1)
Formaldehyde(甲醛) gas in her kitchen was twice the maximum Priscilla Ouchida's "energy efficient" house turned out to be a horrible dream. When she and her engineer husband married a few years ago, they built a $100,000, three -bedroom home in California. Tightly sealed to prevent air leaks, the house was equipped with small double |paned(双层玻璃的) windows and several other energy saving features. Problems began as soon as the couple moved in, however. Priscilla's eyes burned. Her throat was constantly dry. She suffered from headaches and could hardly sleep. It was as though she had suddenly developed a strange illness.
  Experts finally traced the cause of her illness. The level of allowed by federal standards for chemical workers. The source of the gas? Her new kitchen cabinets and wall |to |wall carpeting.
    ……
The problem appears to be more troublesome in newly constructed homes rather than old ones. Back in the days when energy was cheap, home builders didn't worry much about unsealed cracks. Because of such leaks, the air in an average home was replaced by fresh outdoor air about once an hour. As a result, the pollutants generated in most households seldom built up to dangerous levels.
Question: This passage is most probably taken from an article entitled –
A. Energy conservation
B. House building crisis
C. Air pollution indoors
D. Traps in building construction
The answer is C. Generally speaking the repeated key words always show the main idea of the passage ,skimming the passage we can get some words related to the disease:
Such as “eye burned”, “throat…dry” “headache…could hardly sleep” and “strange illness” while  “formaldehyde gas in the kitchen ,We can know that this is the cause of disease according to the common sense and the following paragraph often appears “indoor air pollution” “indoor environment” “a pollution scientist” and the “the pollutions” so many words related to word “pollution indoor” throughout the whole passage, so in the article the topic sentence is “air polluting indoors”
This type of question, the main idea of is the most important clue to answer the question. Students should catch the main idea of the whole passage and conclude the information according to the repeated key words and meanwhile practice the ability of generalization.
5.2 Sentence—paragraph type

上一页  [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]  下一页