中考英语所有考点分析 语法考点(三)

减小字体 增大字体 作者:免费教育文稿网  来源:eduwg.com  发布时间:2012-10-12 21:21:14

       第一部分:词法

 

中考专题三:代词

一.人称代词:

       

单数

复数

 

主格

宾格

主格

宾格

第一人称

I

me

we

us

第二人称

you

you

you

you

第三人称

it/she/he

it/her/him

they

them

             

1.主格作主语,宾格作动词或介词的宾语.

 He teaches ______(we) Chinese .

 

2.三种人称代词并列时,顺序为:

 单数:,, You, she and I   复数:,, (we , you and they )

:若把责任担,第一人称最当先,(即若做错事时,把第一人称放在最前面.)

 She and I have been to Beijing .

 Who broke the window ? I and Mike .

注:it 还有一些特别的用法。

 1)用作形式主语,常用于 “It’s +adj +to do sth”句型中.

 2) 用在句型: “It seems that …”.

 3) 用在句型: “It’s one’s turn to do sth”.                                            

 4) 用在句型: “It’s time to do sth / for sth”.

 5) 用在句型: “It’s +adj +that 从句.

 6) 用作形式宾语, 用来代替动词不定式. make /think /feel/find + it + adj (名词)+ to do sth .

 

.物主代词.

 

第一人称

第二人称

第三人称

 

单数

复数

单数

复数

单数

复数

形容词性

my

our

your

your

its/his/her

their

名词性

mine

ours

yours

yours

its/his/hers

theirs

1.  形容词性的物主代词作定语放在名词前,不能单独使用。

 

2.  名词性的物主代词,后面不能加名词。名词性的物主代词常与of 连用。

 Our classroom is as big as ______(they) .

 This is a friend of ______(my).

: 1)名词性的物主代词相当于形容词性的物主代词加一个名词.

(名词性的物主代词=形容词性的物主代词+ 名词)

     2)形容词性的物主代词与own 连用时,后面可跟名词也可不跟名词.

    My own house = a house of my own

 

.反身代词

 

单数

复数

第一人称

myself

ourselves

第二人称

yourself

yourselves

第三人称

himself/herself/itself

themselves

记忆小窍门:

反身代词有规律,第三人称宾格加self.其余都要物主加self,复数ves来把f.

反身代词的常用搭配:

  enjoy oneself   hurt oneself   teach oneself  = learn…by oneslf   all by oneself 

  help oneself to …  look after oneself    leave sb by oneself   lose oneself in  

  say to oneself    for oneself    dress oneself   improve oneself   see oneself in the mirror

 

.指示代词

 1.近指: this  these     远指: that   those

 

 2.用法:

   1)that  those 常用来代替前面出现的人或物,以避免重复. That代替可数名词的单数或不可数名词. Those 代替复数名词.

  The weather in Guangdong is hotter than _____ in Qinghai .

  The books in that shop are cheaper than ______in this shop.

  A.this   B.that    C.one    D.those 

  2)this ,that 可代替句子或句子的一个部分,that代替前面提到的句子而this代替下面提到的句子.

  He had a bad cold ,that is why he didn’t come .

  3)在电话用语中,this 代替自己,that 代替对方.

  This is Tom speaking .  Who is that ?

 

.不定代词的区别

 

1.oneit 的区别

  One 代替同类事物中的一种. it代替上文中出现的某事物.

 This book is a good one . May I borrow it ?

 

2.someany 的区别

  一般情况下,some用于肯定句,any用于否定,疑问句,条件句中.但在表建议的疑问句中,仍用some any. 常用于could / would / May 开头或what about /how about …. 的句中。

 May I have some water ?

 He asked me for some paper , but I didn’t have any .

 

3.manymuch的区别

  Many+可数名词的复数     Much+不可数名词       都相当于 a lot of +复数名词/不可数名词

 :a lot of 不能用于否定句中. 否定句中用many /much .

 

4.a few /few /a little /little 的区别

 

表否定(几乎没有)

表肯定(有一点/几个)

修饰可数名词

few

a few

修饰不可数名词

little

a little

 

 

 

 

The story is easy to read . there are _____ new words in it .

 Hurry up ! There is _____ time left .

 

5.each / every 的区别

 each 表示两者或两者以上的人或物中的每一个.every 表示三者或三者以上的人或物中的每一个.

 There are trees and frowers on _____ side of the street .

 ______ student has read a story .

:each 可以与of 连用, each of 作主语时,谓语动词用单数.every 不能与of 连用.只能放在名词前作定语.

  Each of us _______(study )hard .

 

6.no one none 的区别

 no one 表示没有人, 不能与of 连用. none of +复数名词/ 代词,作主语时,谓语常用单数。.

  The boys were all tired , but _____ of them stopped to have a rest .

 

7.both /neither /either /all / none / any 的区别

 

都不

任何一个

两者之间

both

neither

either

三者或三者以上

all

none

any

 

 

 

 

There are many trees on ____ side of the river . A. both  B.any  C.either D.all

 :

        1). both 的否定词是neither , all的否定词是none.

2).both of 作主语时,谓语动词用复数.

  neither of作主语时, 谓语动词用单数.

Neither of the answers ______(be) right .

Both of my parents _______(be) workers.

      3).词组

A) both …and …连接两个主语时,谓语动词用复数. 同义词组:not only …but also …     反义词组: neither … nor …

Not only you but also she likes watching TV.= ____ you _____ she like watching TV .= You like watching TV , _____ _____ she .

B) either …or … 或者……或者…… , neither…nor… 既不……也不…… 连接两个主语时,谓语动词实行就近原则.

Neither you nor he ______ (be ) right .

One of Lily and Lucy is going to the park. = _____ Lily _____Lucy _____ going to the park.

C) either 也可用于否定句中的

D) neither 也可表示 也不  句型: neither … sb  某人也不怎么样.

 If you don’t go there , _____ _____ I . (我也不去)

4) how many /how much 的回答:none回答.

  Who 的回答:no one 回答.

  What 的回答:nothing 回答.

  How many students are there in the classroom ? __________.

  Who can answer the question ? _______.

  A. None   B.No one  C.Nothing

 

8.other /the other /others /the others 的区别

 

()后面没有名词

()后面有名词

有数量限制(特指)

the others

the other

没有数量限制(泛指)

others

other

 

 

 

 

: 1) one …the other … 表示两者之间的一个……另一个……

     2) some… others…  表示一些…… 一些……

     3) another 表示三者以上的不确定数目中的另一个. 只能修饰可数名词的单数.

another +数字+ 复数名词= 数字+ more +复数名词   表示 另外几个……”

  Would you like ______ apple ?

  I have two brothers , one is a teacher , _________ is a worker .

  Some are cleaning the classroom , ______ are sweeping the window .

  There are 20 teachers in our school . Eight of them are men teachers ,and _____ are women teachers

 

everyone

每个,人人,大家

不与of 连用

every one

每个人、物

可与of 连用

 

 

 

Every one of us has seen the film .

     Everyone should do their best .

 

10.复合不定代词.

 

some

any

no

every

thing

something

anything

nothing

everything

one

someone

anyone

no one

everyone

body

somebody

anybody

nobody

everybody

 

 

 

 

 

 

 :  1.复合不定代词作主语时, 谓语动词用单数.

        2.形容词修饰不定代词时, 形容词放在不定代词之后.

3.动词不定式修饰不定代词时, 动词不定式放在不定代词之后.

4.复合不定代词用于反义疑问句中,

  1)指人的不定代词, 其反义疑问句中的主语用he they .

  2)指物的不定代词, 其反义疑问句中的主语用 it .

5.any ,anything ,anyone, anyboby 也可用于肯定句中,表示 任何……/任何物/任何人

Everything ______(begin ) to grow in spring , _______ _______ ?

Is there ___________(一些有趣的事)in today’s newpaper ?

I want something ________ (eat ).

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