中考英语所有考点分析 句法考点（十八）

考点归纳十八：定语从句

一、定语从句（一）：

1.定语从句的概念：

  在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

2.先行词：

  被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。

3.关系词：

  引导定语从句的连词叫关系词。如that、which、who、whom、whose、where、when等。

4.由that、which、who、whom、whose引导的定语从句。

二、定语从句（二）

1.先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that也可用which.但下列情况下，只能用that不用which。

1).当先行词为指物的不定代词，如all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、the one等时，只能用that。

There is nothing ______ I can do for you .

2).当先行词被the only、the very 、the last、all、no、little等词修饰时，只能用that。

This is the very book ______ I’m looking for .

3).先行词被序数词修饰时，只能用that 。

This is the first nextbook ______ I studied in the middle school .

4).先行词为最高级或被最高级修饰时，只能用that。

This is the most beautiful mountain ______ I have ever seen .=

I have _____ seen _____ a beautiful mountian .

5).先行词既有人也有物时，只能that 。

He told us many interesting things and persons _______ we had .

2.先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that也可用which.但下列情况下，只能用which不用that。

1).关系代词前有介词时，关系词只能用which 。

This is the building in ______ he lives .

2).先行词本身是that时，关系词只能用which 。

The clock is that _____ tells the time .

3).引导非限定性的定语从句（先行词是物且先行词与关系词用逗号隔开），关系词用which。

His book , ______ was lost last week , has been found now.

3.先行词是人时，一般情况下既可用who 也可用that 。但以下情况下，只能用who。

1).当先行词为those、one、ones、anyone且作主语时，一般用who 。

Those ______ are singing are all my classmates .

2).在there be 句型中，先行词指人时，只能用who。指物时用that。

There is a girl ______ expects to see you .

3).当先行词是I、you、he、they等时，只能用who 。

He ______ plays with fire gets burned .

三、定语从句（三）。

  由关系副词when、where、why引导的定语从句。

where =  in / at +which     when = in / on / at +which   why = for + which

1.由where引导的定语从句。

1).先行词是表示地点的名词     2).在定语从句中作地点状语

Is this the house ______ you lived ?=  Is this the house _____ _____ you lived ?

= Is this the house _____ you lived in ?

2.由when引导的定语从句。

1).先行词是表示时间的名词      2).在定语从句中作时间状语

I will never forget the days ______ I met him .= I will never forget the days ____ ____ I met him.

注：先行词是the last time 时，when 可省略。

When was the last time you saw the parrot ?

3.由why引导的定语从句。

  先行词为reason 时，一般用why 。 why在句中作原因状语。

We don’t know the reason ______ they didn’t come .

四、注意事项：

1.关系词在定语从句中作宾语时，常可省略。

The story _____ he told was very popular .

A.who   B.whom    C.whose    D. /  

2.that、who、which在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词应与先行词保持一致。

I loves singers who _______(write) their own songs .

She is one of the girls who ______(study) hard .

3.在定语从句中不能出现代替先行词的人称代词。

Will you please show me the book ______ yesterday?

A. which you bought    B. that you bought it   C. you bought    D. you bought it

4.定语从句中whose 的确定：

 无论先行词是人或物，在定语从句中做定语用whose。

判断：看定语从句的主语前有无限定词（my、your、Jim’s等），若没有，则用whose 。

The girl _____ parents work in Beijing is Kate .

A. who    B. whose    C. which     D. that 

I know the boy . His handwriting is very good .=  I know the boy ____ handwriting is very good.

五、定语从句的简化

  把定语从句简化为形容词短语、过去分词短语、介词短语、现在分词短语。

1.She reveived a box which was full of presents .

 She reveived a box _____ _____ presents .

2.He likes reading books that was written by Luxun.

 He likes reading booking _____ ____ Luxun .

3.I like Chinese tea which has nothing in it .

 I like Chinese tea ______ _____ in it .

4.Do you know the girl who is wearing a red dress .

 Do you know the girl ______ a red dress .