中考英语高频考点错误分类详解
[析] enough作形容词修饰名词时,可以放在名词前,也可放在名词后;作副词修饰形容词或副词时,只能放在形容词或副词之后。
例3. Here is your sweater, put away it.(×)
Here is your sweater, put it away. (√)
[析] put away, pick up, put on等“动词+副词”构成的词组后接代词作宾语时,代词只能放在动词和副词之间。
例4. I don’t know where is he going.(×)
I don’t know where he is going. (√)
[析] 在含宾语从句的复合句中,从句要用陈述句语序。
例5. Look! Here the bus comes.(×)
Look! Here comes the bus.(√)
[析] 在以here, there引起的陈述句中,若句子的主语是名词,要用倒装语序,即用“Here /There+动词+名词”结构;但主语若是代词时,则不用倒装语序, 即用“Here/There +代词+动词”结构。
例6. I do well in playing football, _______. (我妹妹也行。)
A. so my sister does(×)
B. so does my sister(√)
例7. --- Li Lei is really a football fan.
--- _______. (确实这样.)
A. So is he(×)
B. So he is(√)
[析] “so+be动词/助动词+主语”的倒装结构表示前面所述情况也适用于后者,意为“……也是这样”;“so+主语+be动词/助动词”的陈述结构表示对前述情况的肯定,意为“……确实如此”。
IV. “逻辑”类错误例析
逻辑类错误是指用英语表达某一思想时,犯了逻辑推理错误,导致句子语法成分不全,句意表达上前后矛盾等方面的失误。
例1. 重庆比中国的其他城市都大。
Chongqing is larger than any city in China. (×)
Chongqing is larger than any other city in China. (√)
[析] “any city in China”包括了重庆这座城市, 同一事物自己与自己不能做比较,只有在city 前加上other才能表示重庆和中国的其它城市比较大小。
例2. 广州的天气比北京的天气更暖和。
The weather in Guangzhou is warmer than Beijing. (×)
The weather in Guangzhou is warmer than that in Beijing . (√)
[析] 表示比较时,句子中的两个比较对象必须一致,不同的比较对象不能做比较。错误句的比较对象分别为the weather in Guangzhou和Beijing,这两个不同类的事物之间不能做比较。
V. “受汉语思维方式影响”类错误例析
受汉语影响类错误是指用英语表达某个意思时,受了汉语表达的影响而导致犯错。
例1. Mr Wu teaches our English. (×)
Mr Wu teaches us English. (√)
[析] “teach sb. sth.”句式中的sb.和 sth.是teach的双宾语,因此teach后的人称代词要用宾格,而不能受汉语影响使用形容词性物主代词。
例2. His sister married with a teacher last summer.(×)
His sister married a teacher last summer. (√)
[析] 表达“A和B结婚”,要用A married/will marry B。这时务必要避免受汉语影响使用A married/will marry with B。
例3. There is going to have a film tonight. (×)
There is going to be a film tonight. (√)
[析] 一般将来时用在 There be 句式中时,be going to或will之后的动词原形只能用be,也就是说要用There is (are) going to be.... / There will be....。
例4. I’ll go hiking if it won’t rain next Sunday. (×)
I’ll go hiking if it doesn’t rain next Sunday.(√)
[析] 习惯上在含有时间状语从句和条件状语从句的复合句中,如果主句的谓语动词用了一般将来时,从句的谓语动词要用一般现在时表示将来的动作。
例5. Teacher told us yesterday that the earth went around the sun. (×)
Teacher told us yesterday that the earth goes around the sun. (√)
[析] 习惯上在含有宾语从句的复合句中,主句的谓语动词用了一般过去时,从句的谓语动词要用过去的某种时态。但如果从句表述的是一客观事实或客观真理时,则不受主句时态的影响,而用一般现在时。
例6. All the balls are not round. 翻译成汉语:
所有的球都不是圆的。(×)
并不是所有的球都是圆的。(√)
[析] all, every, both等词和not连用时,not通常放在all, every, both的后面,一般情况下表示部分否定,意为“并非……都……”。
例7. Do you know the way of the park? (×)
Do you know the way to the park? (√)
例3. Here is your sweater, put away it.(×)
Here is your sweater, put it away. (√)
[析] put away, pick up, put on等“动词+副词”构成的词组后接代词作宾语时,代词只能放在动词和副词之间。
例4. I don’t know where is he going.(×)
I don’t know where he is going. (√)
[析] 在含宾语从句的复合句中,从句要用陈述句语序。
例5. Look! Here the bus comes.(×)
Look! Here comes the bus.(√)
[析] 在以here, there引起的陈述句中,若句子的主语是名词,要用倒装语序,即用“Here /There+动词+名词”结构;但主语若是代词时,则不用倒装语序, 即用“Here/There +代词+动词”结构。
例6. I do well in playing football, _______. (我妹妹也行。)
A. so my sister does(×)
B. so does my sister(√)
例7. --- Li Lei is really a football fan.
--- _______. (确实这样.)
A. So is he(×)
B. So he is(√)
[析] “so+be动词/助动词+主语”的倒装结构表示前面所述情况也适用于后者,意为“……也是这样”;“so+主语+be动词/助动词”的陈述结构表示对前述情况的肯定,意为“……确实如此”。
IV. “逻辑”类错误例析
逻辑类错误是指用英语表达某一思想时,犯了逻辑推理错误,导致句子语法成分不全,句意表达上前后矛盾等方面的失误。
例1. 重庆比中国的其他城市都大。
Chongqing is larger than any city in China. (×)
Chongqing is larger than any other city in China. (√)
[析] “any city in China”包括了重庆这座城市, 同一事物自己与自己不能做比较,只有在city 前加上other才能表示重庆和中国的其它城市比较大小。
例2. 广州的天气比北京的天气更暖和。
The weather in Guangzhou is warmer than Beijing. (×)
The weather in Guangzhou is warmer than that in Beijing . (√)
[析] 表示比较时,句子中的两个比较对象必须一致,不同的比较对象不能做比较。错误句的比较对象分别为the weather in Guangzhou和Beijing,这两个不同类的事物之间不能做比较。
V. “受汉语思维方式影响”类错误例析
受汉语影响类错误是指用英语表达某个意思时,受了汉语表达的影响而导致犯错。
例1. Mr Wu teaches our English. (×)
Mr Wu teaches us English. (√)
[析] “teach sb. sth.”句式中的sb.和 sth.是teach的双宾语,因此teach后的人称代词要用宾格,而不能受汉语影响使用形容词性物主代词。
例2. His sister married with a teacher last summer.(×)
His sister married a teacher last summer. (√)
[析] 表达“A和B结婚”,要用A married/will marry B。这时务必要避免受汉语影响使用A married/will marry with B。
例3. There is going to have a film tonight. (×)
There is going to be a film tonight. (√)
[析] 一般将来时用在 There be 句式中时,be going to或will之后的动词原形只能用be,也就是说要用There is (are) going to be.... / There will be....。
例4. I’ll go hiking if it won’t rain next Sunday. (×)
I’ll go hiking if it doesn’t rain next Sunday.(√)
[析] 习惯上在含有时间状语从句和条件状语从句的复合句中,如果主句的谓语动词用了一般将来时,从句的谓语动词要用一般现在时表示将来的动作。
例5. Teacher told us yesterday that the earth went around the sun. (×)
Teacher told us yesterday that the earth goes around the sun. (√)
[析] 习惯上在含有宾语从句的复合句中,主句的谓语动词用了一般过去时,从句的谓语动词要用过去的某种时态。但如果从句表述的是一客观事实或客观真理时,则不受主句时态的影响,而用一般现在时。
例6. All the balls are not round. 翻译成汉语:
所有的球都不是圆的。(×)
并不是所有的球都是圆的。(√)
[析] all, every, both等词和not连用时,not通常放在all, every, both的后面,一般情况下表示部分否定,意为“并非……都……”。
例7. Do you know the way of the park? (×)
Do you know the way to the park? (√)
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