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中考英语语法精讲例析代词

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增大字体作者：本站收集整理来源：本站收集整理发布时间：2010-06-15 09:53:27

中考英语语法精讲例析代词
(一) 知识概要
英语中代词可以分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词。人称代词主要有主格和宾格之别。请看下表
人称我你他她它我们你们他们　
主格 i you he she it we you they
宾格 me you him her it us you them
物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。请看下表
人称我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的
形容词性 my your his her its ours your they
名词性 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs
反身代词可见下表
人称我你他她它我们你们他们　
反身代词 myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourself themselves
指示代词主要有this, that, these, those
疑问代词有：who, whom whose, what, which,
还有疑问副词when, how, where, why。
不定代词在初中课本中主要有some, any， many, much, each, neither, other, another, all, both, one, none, either…
(二) 正误辨析
［误］Tom's mother is taller than my.
［正］Tom's mother is taller than mine.
［析］形容词性物主代词可以作定语，也就是讲它可以作形容词，如：my book，而这句话的意思是：汤姆的妈妈比我的妈妈高。比较的对象是my mother,也就是mine。
［误］We have a lot of homework to do today. So we need two or three hours to finish them.
［正］We have a lot of homework to do today. So we need two or three hours to finish it.
［析］在应用代词时，要注意人称，格与数的一致性。这里it所代替的是不可数名词homework，所以应用it。
［误］He and you should go to the library to return the books.
［正］You and he should go to the library to return the books.
［析］这主要是英语习惯上的用法。当两个以上的人称代词并列时其排列顺序一般为you, he, she, I,而复数时为we, you， they:如男女并列时，应先男后女，如：He and she …如果在表示不好意思，承担责任时，单数时用，I, he, she, you, 复数时用They, you， we, 如：Tom and I are good friends.
You, he and I must go to play the game for our team this afternoon.
We, you and they have been there before.
I, he and you have to pay for it.
［误］He or his brother is doing their homework.
［正］He or his brother is doing his homework.
［析］由either…or, neither…nor, or 连接两个主语时，如果两主语是单数时，用单数代词，如两主语是复数时，用复数代词，如：Either teachers or students want to do their best to help the old man.如是一单一复两名词时，一般将单数名词放在前，复数名词放在后，要用复数代词，如：The teacher or his students will clean their classroom together.
［误］His brother is taller than him.
［正］His brother is taller than he.
［析］than是连词，其后应视为省略句，than he is.所以要注意区分其主格与宾格的用法。
I like you as much as she.
［正］I like you as much as her.
［析］as…as 其后也应看作是省略句。应为as I like her.所以应用宾格。而第一句应译为我像她那样喜欢你。两句语法都是对的但含义不同。
［误］Myself did it yesterday.
［正］I myself did it yesterday.
［正］I did it myself yesterday.
［析］反身代词不可作主语，但可以用作主语的同位语。
［误］Take care of ourselves.
［正］Take care of yourselves .(yourself)
［析］祈始句的主语应看作第二人称you.
［误］Please bring your daughter with yourself.
［正］Please bring your daughter with you.
［析］反身代词不能作介词宾语，除非是由不及物动词与介词组成的动词短语，如： The old woman spoke to herself.
［误］Make yourself home.
［正］Make yourself at home.
［析］这是英语中的习惯用法，意为“像在家里一样”。这样的用法还有：
enjoy oneself 玩得开心make yourself at home 像在家中一样
help yourself to something 自己拿某物lost oneself 迷路
seat oneself 就坐dress oneself 穿衣
［误］—　Who's this speaking.—　That's Mary.
［正］—　Who's that speaking.—　This is Mary.
［析］在电话用语中，this指讲话人自己，而that指对方。
［误］The days in summer are longer than this in winter.
［正］The days in summer are longer than those in winter.
［析］在比较句中往往为了避免重复，可以用that或those取代前面提到的事物，如是单数时用that,复数时用those，如：The weather in Beijing is hotter than that in Chang Chun.
［误］It is so a good book that everyone likes to read.
［正］It is such a good book that everyone likes to read.
［正］It is so good a book that everyone likes to read.
［析］在可数名词单数时可用so+形容词+不定冠词+名词+that从句，也可用such+不定冠词+形容词+that从句。在不可数名词或可数名词复数时，只用such, 如：It is such good weather that I want to go swimming. They are such good books that I want to buy them all.在many, much, few, little这4个词前仅能用so,如： She has so much money that she can buy everything she wants.而在so与that之间仅存形容词时，则不能用such,如:She is so sweet that everyone likes her.
［误］I want to buy a same dictionary as yours.
［正］I want to buy the same dictionary as yours.
［析］same与定冠词the是固定搭配不可更改。这样的用法还有all the same(仍然)。
［误］—　I hope she might pass the exam.—　I don't hope so.
［正］—　I hope she might pass the exam.—　I hope not.
［析］在作肯定回答时，I think so. I hope so. I believe so.但作否定回答时为：I don't think so. I hope/believe not.
［误］—　He studied very hard this term.— So she did.
［正］— He studied very hard this term.— So did she.
［误］— English is difficult to learn.— So is it.
［正］— English is difficult to learn.— So it is.