中考英语知识点复习-动词及时态
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知识概要
动词在语言中是必不可少的一部分。它的语法现象也较多，但在初中范围主要有以下几方面问题。① 时态：初中范围主要有一般现在时，一般过去时，现在完成时，现在进行时，将来时与过去完成时六种时态。② 语态：主动语态与被动语态。③ 助动词和情态动词。④ 非谓语动词，也就是不定式，动名词及现在分词、过去分词的用法。时态主要掌握以下几种时态的应用要点和习惯用法。
1一般现在时：主要有以下三方面，① 用来表示状态，特征或不受时间限制的客观存在和真理。如：Matter exists in three states物质有三态。又如：The earth moves around the sun ② 表示习惯性和经常发生的动作，如：I often go to bed at 9∶３０ ③ 在时间、条件等状语从句中表示将来要发生的动作，如：As soon as I get there I'll telephone you.
2一般过去时：① 主要用于表达过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，如：I was ill last week ② 过去经常发生的动作或习惯性动作，如：I used to get up at six.
3一般将来时：用于表示将要发生的动作，其构成方式① 用ｗill (shall)+动词原形来表达将来在某一时间内要发生，或经常、将要发生的动作或状态，如：School will begin on Sepember 1st ② 用be going to+动词原形，用来表示不久将要发生或打算去作的动作。如：I'm going to swim this afternoon ③ be+现在分词，也就是用某些动词的现在进行时表示将来，如：I'm coming。这些动词只限于：go, come, leave, start, move, sail, arrive, reach, get to等表示位置移动的动词。④ 在状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。
4现在进行时：用于表示现在正在进行的动作，如：What are you doing now?要注意的是表示状态，情感的某些词没有现在进行时，这些动词有：like, have (有)，love, know, understand, remember, forget, see, hear, smell, taste, feel, wish hope, expect…
5过去将来时：用来表达从过去某时间点上看将要发生的动作，如： He told me he would come to my party
6现在完成时与过去完成时：现在完成时的两个用处是：① 用来表达在过去开始的动作持续到现在，如：I've studied English for two years ② 用来表达过去发生的事但它影响到现在，如：I haven't had my breakfast. so I'm hungry now 现在完成时与过去完成时的区别在于动作的截止时间，现在完成时所表达的动作截止于现在，而过去完成时所表达的动作截止于过去。如：I haven't seen my old teacher for a long time 我好久未见到我过去的老师了。是指到目前截止。如果加上一句话，则将变为过去完成时，如：Yesterday I saw my old teacher. I hadn't seen him for a long time. 因为我好久未见他这一情况截止于昨天。还要注意的一个问题是截止性动词可以有完成时，但不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：When I got to school, the class had begun 如果一定要讲开始几分钟了则要换用表示状态，或延续性动词，如：When I got to school, the class had been on for five minutes
动词的时态一共有16种，以ask为例，将其各种时态的构成形式列表如下：
|
|
现在时 |
过去时 |
将来时 |
过去将来时 |
|
一般 |
ask / asks |
asked |
shall/will ask |
should/would ask |
|
进行 |
am/is/are asking |
was/were asking |
shall/will be asking |
should/would be asking |
|
完成 |
have/has asked |
had asked |
shall/will have asked |
should/would have asked |
|
完成进行 |
have/has been asking |
had been asking |
shall/will have been asking |
should/would have been asking |
一、考点分析
考点一：时态在状语从句中的考察。（主要是时态的搭配使用）
A、“主将从现”原则
[例] ---I’ll plan a visit to Hong Kong if it ____ tomorrow .
--- Really ? I think I ________with you .
A. don’t rain , go B. won’t rain , go
C. isn’t rain , will go D. doesn’t rain , will go
B、一般过去时与三种时态的搭配使用：
一般过去时与过去完成时，一般过去时与过去进行时，一般过去时与过去将来时
[例] He was sure that he his wallet in the office .
A. left B. would leave C. had left D. has left
[例] When she _____ at the door, my mother _____ some washing.
A. knocked… did B. was knocking… did
C. knocked… was doing D. knocks… is doing
考点二：语境中时态的对比使用（主要是时态的区分）
A、一般过去时与现在完成时的区别
[例] ----______ you ever ________ Tom before ?
---- No, I _____ him just two minutes ago.
A. Did, know ; met B. Have, known ; have met
C. Have, known; met D. Did, know; had met
B、一般现在时与现在进行时的区别
[例] Mr. Smith _____ short stories, but he ____ a TV play these days.
A. is writing…is writing B. is writing… writes
C. writes… is writing D. writes… writes
C、一般过去时与过去进行时的区别
[例] — How did the accident happen?
— You know, it difficult to see the road clearly because it .
A. was…was raining B. was…had rained
C. is…is raining D. was…rained
考点三：延续性动词在时态中与时间状语的搭配使用（主要是在完成时中的使用）
A、在特殊疑问句中的考查
[例] -- How long ______ you __________England , Sue ?
-- Since two years ago.
A. have, been to B. have , gone to C. have , been in D. have , moved to
B、在句型中的考查
[例] It ______ two years since he _______ the Party.
A. is; has joined B. was; joined ………………………………【全文请点击下载word压缩文档】
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