中考英语语法复习——非谓语动词
减小字体
增大字体Walking and sleeping, he has the plan in his mind.
The chemical composition of water is H2O, whether being solid, liquid or vapor.
⑤ 结果
Their car was caught in the traffic jam, thus causing their delay.
We introduced a lot of advanced devices, thus saving much time and labor.
⑥ 目的
The people are working hard, striving to realize our country's modernization.
We held a meeting, marking the anniversary of his death.
⑦ 方式（也称做伴随）
Theu stood by the roadside, watching the parade.
She stood motionlessly vacantly, looking at the sea.
They sat together, studying carefully the design of the new project.
5）省略不定式小品词to的情形
在不定式中，小品词to有时可以省略。主要在以下几种情形中：
① 在由make, let, see, feel, watch, have, hear, help, notice, observe, listen to, look at等动词引出的作宾语补语的情况时。
② 在介词but, except, besides 后（动词谓语必须是do，否则还需要小品词to）。如；
What do you like to do besides swim and play football?
Before breakfast we have no class but (except) to read English aloud.
When the enemy surrounded the house, they had no choice but to burn all the important documents.
③ 在had better, had best, had as good（宁可）, would rather … than, would sooner … than, might as well, rather than后。如：
He had as good study English instead of German. 他宁可学英语也不愿意学德语。
They would rather try and fail than give it up. 他们宁愿试了失败也不愿意轻易放弃。
Let's finish the work now rather than leave it off till tomorrow.
我们最好今晚把这活干完也别推到明天。
He resigned rather than take part in such a diahonest transaction.
他宁愿辞职也不愿干这桩肮脏的交易。
I would rather die standing than live kneeling. 我宁愿站着死不愿跪着生。
④ 在下列固定词组中。
We'll have to make do with dry bread. 我们用干面包凑合吧。
He made believe he was innocent. 他假装无辜。
Don't let slip such a good opportunity to learn. 不要丢失这样一个好机会。
He let go (of) the rope. 我松了绳子。
I hear say that there'll be an earthquake soon. 我听说不久要有地震。
Don't let there be any noise. 不要再制造噪音了。
二、非谓语动词考查点
1) 谓语动词与非谓语动词的判断
对谓语动词与非谓语动词区别的考查主要集中在独立主格结构，如：
1. All flights ___ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.
A. had been canceled B. have been canceled
C. were canceled D. having been canceled
【答案】D。
【解析】独立主格结构做状语表示原因。
2) 谓语动词后不定式与动名词的选择
谓语动词后接不定式还是接动名词也是语法测试中的一个题点。如：
1. I don't mind ____ the decision as long as it is not too late.
A. you to delay making B. your delaying making
C. your delaying to make D. you delay to make
【答案】B。
【解析】这是一个带有逻辑主语的动名词结构。依据前面所讲，逻辑主语应是一个带有形容词性的物主代词，其后的动词delay也应该是一个动名词。
3) 做定语的非谓语动词的选择
从近几年的考查情况来看，对做定语的非谓语动词的考查有两种情况：对一般概念的考查，而不是固定结构中的非谓语动词做定语。
4) 做状语的非谓语动词的选择: 做状语的非谓语动词主要考查其各种形式的选择，如： ______ from the outer space, our earth looks like a water-covered ball.
A. Having seen B. Seeing C. Seen D. Having been seen
【答案】C。
【解析】根据分词结构的逻辑主语分析，选项A、B、D都不能和主句中的主语构成逻辑的主谓一致的关系。惟有选项C是正确答案。
从以上各题来看，考查的侧重点有：
(1)状语类别的判断：不同的状语对非谓语动词的要求不同，目的状语要求用不定式，如②。
(2)非谓语动词与句子属于之间的逻辑关系：根据主谓关系或动宾关系的不同来确定用现在分词还是用过去分词。
(3)非谓语动词的否定形式：not否定非谓语动词时置于非谓语动词之前，如③。
(4) 独立成分：有些非谓语动词的使用不受与句子主语关系的限制，称为独立成分，这类成 分只记忆即可。如: generally speaking, judging from..., to tell the truth..., 等。
5) 做补足语的非谓语动词的选择
做宾语补足语的非谓语动词受谓语动词的限制，不同动词后的宾语补足语形式要求不同。近几年对各类宾补都有考查。如：
They are going to have the service man ________ an electric fan in the office tomorrow.
A. install B. to install C. to be installed D. installed
【答案】A。
【解析】have 之后的宾语如果是补足语的发出者时，则应使用动词原形。
6) 做表语的非谓语动词的选择
表语的考查多侧重于分词做表语形式的选择，很少有动名词的用法的考查，虽然选项中有不定式作为干扰项，只要能看出是做表语的也就不用考虑。如：
These surveys indicate that many crimes go _____ by the police,mainly because not all victims report them.
A. unrecorded B. to be unrecorded
C. unrecording D. to have been unrecorded
【答案】A。
【解析】分词做表语可以做系动词be的表语，也可以做其它系动词的表语，如go, feel, seem, look, remain等等。这些系动词后非谓语动词的饿用法规则是相同的。
7) to作为介词与作为不定式符号的选择
to可以是介词，也可以用来引导不定式，英语各类考试中对此用法的考查也比较多。如：
The man in the corner confessed to _____ a lie to the manager of the company.
A. have told B. be told C. being told D. having told
【答案】D。
【解析】这类考题的考查方式有两种，一是四个选项中有两个相对的选项to do something 和 to doing something，这时考查的自然是to的性质；另一种是to在题干中。
8) 分词前连词的使用
分词前连词的使用是为了使分词的作用更加明了，使考生更加准确地理解试题。考查有两种情况：
The chemical composition of water is H2O, whether being solid, liquid or vapor.
⑤ 结果
Their car was caught in the traffic jam, thus causing their delay.
We introduced a lot of advanced devices, thus saving much time and labor.
⑥ 目的
The people are working hard, striving to realize our country's modernization.
We held a meeting, marking the anniversary of his death.
⑦ 方式（也称做伴随）
Theu stood by the roadside, watching the parade.
She stood motionlessly vacantly, looking at the sea.
They sat together, studying carefully the design of the new project.
5）省略不定式小品词to的情形
在不定式中，小品词to有时可以省略。主要在以下几种情形中：
① 在由make, let, see, feel, watch, have, hear, help, notice, observe, listen to, look at等动词引出的作宾语补语的情况时。
② 在介词but, except, besides 后（动词谓语必须是do，否则还需要小品词to）。如；
What do you like to do besides swim and play football?
Before breakfast we have no class but (except) to read English aloud.
When the enemy surrounded the house, they had no choice but to burn all the important documents.
③ 在had better, had best, had as good（宁可）, would rather … than, would sooner … than, might as well, rather than后。如：
He had as good study English instead of German. 他宁可学英语也不愿意学德语。
They would rather try and fail than give it up. 他们宁愿试了失败也不愿意轻易放弃。
Let's finish the work now rather than leave it off till tomorrow.
我们最好今晚把这活干完也别推到明天。
He resigned rather than take part in such a diahonest transaction.
他宁愿辞职也不愿干这桩肮脏的交易。
I would rather die standing than live kneeling. 我宁愿站着死不愿跪着生。
④ 在下列固定词组中。
We'll have to make do with dry bread. 我们用干面包凑合吧。
He made believe he was innocent. 他假装无辜。
Don't let slip such a good opportunity to learn. 不要丢失这样一个好机会。
He let go (of) the rope. 我松了绳子。
I hear say that there'll be an earthquake soon. 我听说不久要有地震。
Don't let there be any noise. 不要再制造噪音了。
二、非谓语动词考查点
1) 谓语动词与非谓语动词的判断
对谓语动词与非谓语动词区别的考查主要集中在独立主格结构，如：
1. All flights ___ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.
A. had been canceled B. have been canceled
C. were canceled D. having been canceled
【答案】D。
【解析】独立主格结构做状语表示原因。
2) 谓语动词后不定式与动名词的选择
谓语动词后接不定式还是接动名词也是语法测试中的一个题点。如：
1. I don't mind ____ the decision as long as it is not too late.
A. you to delay making B. your delaying making
C. your delaying to make D. you delay to make
【答案】B。
【解析】这是一个带有逻辑主语的动名词结构。依据前面所讲，逻辑主语应是一个带有形容词性的物主代词，其后的动词delay也应该是一个动名词。
3) 做定语的非谓语动词的选择
从近几年的考查情况来看，对做定语的非谓语动词的考查有两种情况：对一般概念的考查，而不是固定结构中的非谓语动词做定语。
4) 做状语的非谓语动词的选择: 做状语的非谓语动词主要考查其各种形式的选择，如： ______ from the outer space, our earth looks like a water-covered ball.
A. Having seen B. Seeing C. Seen D. Having been seen
【答案】C。
【解析】根据分词结构的逻辑主语分析，选项A、B、D都不能和主句中的主语构成逻辑的主谓一致的关系。惟有选项C是正确答案。
从以上各题来看，考查的侧重点有：
(1)状语类别的判断：不同的状语对非谓语动词的要求不同，目的状语要求用不定式，如②。
(2)非谓语动词与句子属于之间的逻辑关系：根据主谓关系或动宾关系的不同来确定用现在分词还是用过去分词。
(3)非谓语动词的否定形式：not否定非谓语动词时置于非谓语动词之前，如③。
(4) 独立成分：有些非谓语动词的使用不受与句子主语关系的限制，称为独立成分，这类成 分只记忆即可。如: generally speaking, judging from..., to tell the truth..., 等。
5) 做补足语的非谓语动词的选择
做宾语补足语的非谓语动词受谓语动词的限制，不同动词后的宾语补足语形式要求不同。近几年对各类宾补都有考查。如：
They are going to have the service man ________ an electric fan in the office tomorrow.
A. install B. to install C. to be installed D. installed
【答案】A。
【解析】have 之后的宾语如果是补足语的发出者时，则应使用动词原形。
6) 做表语的非谓语动词的选择
表语的考查多侧重于分词做表语形式的选择，很少有动名词的用法的考查，虽然选项中有不定式作为干扰项，只要能看出是做表语的也就不用考虑。如：
These surveys indicate that many crimes go _____ by the police,mainly because not all victims report them.
A. unrecorded B. to be unrecorded
C. unrecording D. to have been unrecorded
【答案】A。
【解析】分词做表语可以做系动词be的表语，也可以做其它系动词的表语，如go, feel, seem, look, remain等等。这些系动词后非谓语动词的饿用法规则是相同的。
7) to作为介词与作为不定式符号的选择
to可以是介词，也可以用来引导不定式，英语各类考试中对此用法的考查也比较多。如：
The man in the corner confessed to _____ a lie to the manager of the company.
A. have told B. be told C. being told D. having told
【答案】D。
【解析】这类考题的考查方式有两种，一是四个选项中有两个相对的选项to do something 和 to doing something，这时考查的自然是to的性质；另一种是to在题干中。
8) 分词前连词的使用
分词前连词的使用是为了使分词的作用更加明了，使考生更加准确地理解试题。考查有两种情况：
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