高考英语完形填空典型错误分析及技巧点拨
作为高考诸题型中对考生考查要求最高的一项, 完形填空题旨在考查学生综合运用英语基础知识和各种解题能力的题型,其选材难度适中,知识覆盖面广。该题型能全面而且客观地测试考生的语法运用能力、阅读理解能力、逻辑分析以及判断推理能力, 因此也是广大高三学生最为头痛的一个拦路虎。在平时的练习中,常常发现学生的错误可以分为以下几类:
一. 缺乏对文章大意的领会。
Mr. Rice was no ___(1)___ teacher. I entered high school not ___(2)___ quite sure what debate was. I left his class four years later as an outstanding debater.
(1)A. average B. usual
(2)A. ever B. even
错误分析:(1)学生常从中文角度“不寻常的老师”出发选择usual ,导致2误选ever.
技巧1:立足文章大意,选择最佳答案.
近年来的完形填空试题在选项的设置上越来越淡化语法结构,重在文意的干扰,即把具体的语言知识溶进具体的语言情景中去,考查考生通过上下文的前后提示或暗示,对整体文意进行把握的能力。这种考查方式所占的比例较大,且难度也大,若单纯从句子或个别段落来分析,或许所给的四个答案在语法和结构上都是正确的,若放在全局,则不一定正确。因此,快速浏览全文,领悟文章主旨,通过上下文的语境来选择答案是解决这类题的关键。
例1: I climbed the stairs slowly, carrying a big suitcase, my father following with two more. By the time I got to the third floor, I was 1 and the same time feeling lonely. Worse still, Dad 2 a step and fell, sending my new suitcase 3 down the stairs.
1. A. helpless B. lazy C. anxious D. tired
2. A. took B. minded C. missed D. picked
3. A. rolling B. passing C. dropping D. turning
分析:在把握上文“我提着衣箱缓慢地上楼梯”的情况下,可知1题答案为D. tired,即当我到达三楼时,已经很累了;再从爸爸“提着两只衣箱跟在我后面”以及下文的信息词“fell”可知此句的意思是:爸爸少跨了一步摔倒了,衣箱滚下了楼梯。因此2、3题的答案分别为C、A,尽管其它选项在语法上均无错误。
例1: I climbed the stairs slowly, carrying a big suitcase, my father following with two more. By the time I got to the third floor, I was 1 and the same time feeling lonely. Worse still, Dad 2 a step and fell, sending my new suitcase 3 down the stairs.
1. A. helpless B. lazy C. anxious D. tired
2. A. took B. minded C. missed D. picked
3. A. rolling B. passing C. dropping D. turning
分析:在把握上文“我提着衣箱缓慢地上楼梯”的情况下,可知1题答案为D. tired,即当我到达三楼时,已经很累了;再从爸爸“提着两只衣箱跟在我后面”以及下文的信息词“fell”可知此句的意思是:爸爸少跨了一步摔倒了,衣箱滚下了楼梯。因此2、3题的答案分别为C、A,尽管其它选项在语法上均无错误。
二.缺乏对文章所提供语境的深刻体会。
51 I reached in and grabbed it,with every intention of moving it into the killing jar.But my hand 52 as I reached for the jar.There was the brilliant bloom of orange on the tips of its glowing white wings,and I could feel the creature’s 53 between my fingers.And then,on an impulse (冲动),I tossed it into the clear,bright air and watched it float away.High above the nearby trees it 54 and then disappeared from sight.
51.A.Gently B.Seriously C.Luckily D.Actively
52.A.rose B.fell C.stopped D.stretched
53.A.movement B.Existence C.joy D.fear
54.A.hung B.started C.parked D.sailed
常见错误分析:这段文字形象细致地描绘了作者在幸运地捕捉到梦寐以求的蝴蝶后,出于爱心而又将之放飞的一系列活动。由于学生对作者心情缺乏共鸣,不能深刻体会文字中所提供的语境,导致错误成片。其中51题易误选D, 不能体会在得到心爱之物时那种怜香惜玉的心情,因而正确选项为A Gently (轻轻地);但是在手伸向坛子时由于指间感受到蝴蝶的惊恐(53 fear)之情而犹豫(52 stop) , 直到最后在冲动之下将之放飞,才得以欣赏到蝴蝶在重获自由后的翩翩舞姿(54 sailed)。
技巧2. 在语境中选择
完形填空又称综合填空,其命题原理是格式塔心理学。格式塔心理学强调整体感知,完形填空测试的就是考生结合上下文的语境(context)对英语的整体感知能力。如何才能准确把握语境?首先,对文章内容应大致了解,并把握作者的写作意图;其次,感知作者的写作感情,对选项逐一分析;最后,应强调解题时的身临其境,假设自己就是作者本人,这样的角色交换更有利于对文章的把握。
例如: A pet can be something ____ to each member of the family..
A. necessary D. different
(... to the mother; ... to an only child;... to the elderly )
如果没有对下文的准确分析及理解,易误选B。
三.对看似相近的选项缺乏策略。
1. He gets as nervous as I do, but somehow __1__in his seat and keeps ___(2)_____. He wants to yell and scream like…, but he is different.
(1)A. rocks B. jumps C. swings D. trembles
(2)A. quiet B. still
这段文字描绘了父亲在观看儿子比赛时的紧张心情,但又不想影响儿子的比赛,故而在椅子上直摇晃(rocks in his seat),又不敢像其他观众一样大声喊叫,只能保持沉默(keep silent)。而学生在做题时,(1)易误选,(2)易误选,究其本质,对相近词使用的正确语境一知半解,常简单地从中文释义出发做出选择。
技巧3:根据词汇的意义及用法辨析词义从而确定答案
技巧3:根据词汇的意义及用法辨析词义从而确定答案
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