中考英语总复习语法专项—时态(有详解)
e) 用于条件从句“如果……想,设想”(接近if ……want to,或if ……should)
例:Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage _______ avoided.
A) is to be B) can be C) will be D) has been
答案是A) is to be。全句的意思是:“如果要避免食品短缺,就必须作出更大努力来增加农业产量。”
F) 同样可以表示“正要、将要”的意思的句型是be on the point of doing。
例:The coach is on the point of giving up the game because our team has been scored 7 points.(教练想要放弃这场比赛了,因为对方已经射进了7个球。)
例:I was _______ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived.
A) in B) to C) at D) on
答案是D)。on the point of doing 是固定词组,意思是“正要、打算”。全句的意思是:“当他的信到的时候我正要打电话给他。”
2) 注意事项:
在以if, when, as long as, as soon as, after, before, in case, until, unless等连词以及具有连词作用的副词(immediately, the moment, directly)等引导的状语从句,一般用现在时代替将来时。强调延续性或动态时,可用完成时。
例:I hope his health will have improved by the time you come back next year.(我希望到明年你回来的时候,他的身体已经好多了。)
10. 将来进行时
1) 用法:强调在将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作或事情。
例:Don't worry, you won't miss her. She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.
别担心,你不会认不出她的。她到时会穿一件红色的T恤衫和一条白色的短裙。
例:This time tomorrow you ________ there doing some more exercises.
A) will sit B) will be sitting C) sit D) shall sit
答案是B)。因为this time tomorrow是个很具体的将来时间。
2) 注意事项:由于本时态是由将来时和进行时融合在一起的,所以关于本时态的注意事项,可参考"一般将来时"和"现在进行时"的有关注意事项。
11. 将来完成时
1) 用法:表示从将来的某一时间开始、延续到另一个将来时间的动作或状态,或是发生在某个将来时间,但对其后的另一个将来时间有影响的动作或状态。就好象把现在完成时平移到时间轴的将来时时段一样。其用法从和过去及现在有关,变成了和将来及将来的将来有关。
例:The conference __________ a full week by the time it ends.
A) must have lasted B) will have lasted C) would last D) has lasted
本题考核谓语动词的时态。全句的意思是:“会议从开始到结束将持续整整一个星期。”句中by the time it ends表示动作要延续到将来某一时刻,因此要用将来完成时。答案是B) will have lasted。如果选A),因为情态动词must后面接动词不定式的完成时形式表示对已经发生的事情的一种肯定推测,而本句的时间状语是by the time it ends而非by the time it ended,所以犯了时态不呼应的错误。Would虽可以表示推测或可能性,但would last不能表示延续到将来某一时刻的动作,所以C) would last错误。因为D) has lasted是现在完成时,表示到现在为止已经完成的动作,不能表示延续到将来某一时刻的动作,所以也不正确。
例: It is reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory ______ by about 10%.
A) will have risen B) has risen C) will be rising D) has been rising
根据by the end of this month可知,答案为A) will have risen。全句意思是“据报道,到本月底该厂的水泥产量可提高到大约10%”。
2) 注意事项:由于本时态是由将来时和完成时融合在一起的,所以关于本时态的注意事项,可以参考“一般将来时”和“现在完成时”的有关注意事项。
练习:
1. —May I go to the cinema , Mum ?
—Certainly . But you______be back by 11 o’clock .
A. can B. may C. must D. need
2. —Must I finish the exercise this afternoon ?
—Yes , you _____, but you _____ finish it now .
A. must , mustn’t B. must , don’t have to
C. may , needn’t D. may , mustn’t
3. After a long walk , the old man _____ be tired now .
A. can B. must C. has to D. need
4. It’s
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
5. Mr. Wang _____ be in





