高一英语教案 牛津高一英语M4U3 Tomorrow's world学案

牛津高一英语M4U3  Tomorrow's world学案　　

Grammar and usage(被动语态)　　

　 　

第一部分：重点讲解　　

　　语态(Voice)，作为一个语法范畴，是表示主语和动词之间的主动或被动关系的动词行式。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态(Active Voice)和被动语态(Passive Voice)。当主语为动作执行者即施动者时，动词用主动态；如果主语是动作的承受者即受动者时，动词便用被动态。例如：　　

(1) John helped Peter.　　

(2) Peter was helped by John.　　

句(1) helped是主动态；句(2)was helped是被动态,可见主动态是无标记的，而被动态是有标记的。　　

构成　　

被动语态由助动词be的时态之一和及物动词的过去分词构成。被动语态可用于各种时态，其时态变化通过助动词be的不同形式来体现。如：一般现在时的被动态构成形式为助动词am/is/are + 过去分词；而一般过去时的被动态构成形式为was/were + 过去分词。本册要掌握的被动语态形式有：　　

一般现在时：am/is/are + 过去分词 　　

e.g. Football is played all over the world.　　

   I’m often asked to do this work. 　　

我常常被派做这项工作。　　

一般过去时：was/were +过去分词 　　

e.g. The terracotta warriors were found in 1974 near Xi’an. 　　

   They were discovered by workers in a field outside the city.　　

   When was the building completed? 　　

这座大楼什么时候建成的？　　

一般将来时：will (shall) + be +过去分词　　

be going to + be + 过去分词　　

e.g. The result of the exam will be known soon.　　

  They are going to be given a difficult test.　　

一般过去将来时：should(would) be+过去分词　　

e.g. The teacher said the results would be published soon. 　　

   He told me that the film would be shown the next week.　　

现在进行时：am/is/are + being +过去分词　　

e.g. The new airport is being built by a foreign company.?　　

一家外国公司正在承建这座新机场。　　

  The song is being sung by the girls now.　　

过去进行时：was/were being+过去分词　　

e.g. The song was being sung by the girls when I got there.　　

   The student was being criticized when I went into the  teacher’s office.　　

将来完成时：will have been+过去分词　　

e.g. By the end of next term 2000 English words will  have been learned.　　

   The building will have been built by next year.　　

现在完成时：has/have + bee n +过去分词　　

e.g. All the tickets have been sold .　　

   The book has been translated into many languages.　　

这本书已被译成多种语言。　　

过去完成时：had been+过去分词　　

e.g. Forty schools had been visited by last year.　　

   All the tickets had been sold out when I got to the cinema.　　

过去将来完成时：would have been+过去分词　　

e.g. He said many words would have been learned by 2001.　　

   They promised that ten books would have been published  by the next month.　　

e.g. The result of the exam will be known soon.　　

    They are going to be given a difficult test.　　

第二部分：被动语态用法：　　

一．It+be+动词的过去分词+that从句。常用于这一结构的动词有：say,report,expect,prove,suppose等，该结构通常可转化为“be+过去分词+不定式”。例如：1）It is reported that they are sailing in the Pacific.-----They are reportedto be sailing in the Pacific.　　

      2)It is said that Mr.Bell invented the first telephone.-----Mr.Bell is said to have invented the first telephone.当不定式to后的动作早于不定式to前的动作发生，不定式to后的动作应用现在完成时，表示动作的完成。又如：　　

The old bridge is said to have been built in the early 1930s.　　

二）．情态动词的被动语态　　

情态动词被动语态的结构为：　　

一般式：情态动词（can,could,may,might,must,should,need等）+ be+过去分词.　　

完成式：情态动词（can,could,may,might,must,should,need等）+ have+ been+过去分词。例如：1）You  needn’t mention his plan in your speech.-----    His plan needn’t be mentioned in your speech.　　

 2）You might have completed your task ahead of time.----Your task might have been　　

 completed ahead of time.　　

三．被动语态的特殊情况：　　

1. 含有动词短语的主动句变为被动句时，不要漏掉其后的介词或副词。例如：　　

1） We must take good care of the children.------- The children must be taken good care of.　　

2. 被动语态常在不知道动作的执行者或者是要强调动作的承受者时才用。助动词be有时可被系动词get替换，即“get+过去分词”，也可表示被动概念。例如：　　

1） You are wanted on the phone.　　

3. 固定结构be going to,used to,have to,had better等在变为被动句时，只需将其后的动词变为被动形式即可。例如：　　

 The little boy used to send newspapers here.-------Newspapers used to be sent here by the little boy.　　

 4.“宾语+补语”又叫复合宾语，变被动语态时，只讲宾语变为被动句的主语，补语位置保持不动，但是其变为主语补足语了。例如;　　

 Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette in the toilet.------The boy was caught smoking a cigarette in the toilet.　　

5在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面用动词不定式作宾语补足语时，主动结构中不定式符号to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to.例如：　　

Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.----- A stranger was seen to walk into the building.　　

6 主动语态表示被动意义的词　　

   （！）感官动词和系动词如：look smell feel prove wear sound taste 　　

       The cloth feels very soft , I like it  very much　　

　(2)某些行为动词也可表示被动意义。常见的有：wash write sell read open shut keep。例如：　　

　　1.That kind of dress washes well.　　

　　2.This type of computer sells well among teenagers.　　

　　3.The novel reads well.It is suitable for children.　　

 (3) want, need ,require,take,worth等词的后面可以用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。例如：　　

   1.She bought me a book,which is woeth reading.　　

   2.All the windows in the meeting room need washing.　　

   (4).某些作表语的形容词后，用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。例如：　　

   1.She told me that the fish was not fit to eat.　　

   2.He is the one who is hard to please.　　

7.不及物动词或其构成的一些短语动词不能用于被动语态。例如：appear,rise,happen,lie,arrive,exist,belong to,take place,set sail for,consist of等都属于此类动词或短语。例如：　　

 1.Six members consist of the committee.　　

 2.You shouldn’t take what doesn’t  belong to you.　　

 3.I happened to see my professor in the supermarket yesterday.　　

8.表示状态的动词不能用于被动语态。英语中有些动词表示某种状态或情况，这类动词不能用于被动语态。常见的有：fit,mean,have,hold,cost,contain,become,last,fail等。例如：　　

 1.The flat cost him around one million RMB.　　

2.This book contains all the phrases you have learnt.　　

　 　

第三部分：语法专项练习　　

1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year?　　

  A. Is; built  B. Was; built       C. Does; build      D. Did; build　　

2.An accident ____ on this road last week.　　

  A. has been happened  B. was happened     C. is happened  D. happened　　

3.Cotton ____ in the southeast of China.　　

  A. is grown       B. are grown        C. grows        D. grow　　

4.So far, the moon ____ by man already.　　

  A. is visited B. will be visited      C. has been visited D. was visited　　

5.A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week.　　

  A. is given       B. has been given  C. will be given    D. gives　　

6.A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now.　　

  A. are doing  B. are being done   C. has been done     D. will be done　　

 7.The doctor _____ for yet.　　

  A. isn't sent B. hasn't been sent C. won't be sent    D. wasn't sent　　

8.--When ___ this kind of computers______?  --Last year.　　

  A. did; use       B. was; used        C. is; used     D. are; used　　

9.Who _____ this book _____?　　

  A. did; written   B. was; written by  C. did; written D. was; written　　

10.Mary ____ show me her new dictionary.　　

   A. has asked to  B. was asked to C. is asked     D. asks to　　

11.A story _____ by Granny yesterday.　　

   A. was told us   B. was told to us   C. is told us       D. told us　　

12.The monkey was seen _____ off the tree.　　

  A. jump       B. jumps        C. jumped       D. to jump　　

13.Older people ____ well.　　

  A. looks after   B. must be looked after   C. must look after   D. looked after　　

14.Our teacher ______ carefully.　　

　A. should be listened to    B. should be listen  C. be listened  D. is listened　　

15. In some part of the world, tea _______ with milk and sugar.　　

　A. is serving         B. is served        C. serves           D. served　　

16. It was reported that the murderer _______ arrested.　　

　A. has been       B. had been         C. has              D. had　　

17. Do you think that the bridge ______ in a year?　　

　A. would be completed         B. will be completed  　　

　C. had been completed         D. is being completed　　

18. Great changes ____ in China since the People’s Republic of China _____ in 1949.　　

　A. have taken place; was founded          B. has taken place; was founded　　

　C. have been taken place; founded         D. took place; founded　　

19.—Why does Ling Ling look so unhappy?   　　

   —She has _______ by her classmates.　　

　A. laughed            B. laughed at       C. been laughed     D. been laughed at　　

20. Doctors _______ in every part of the world.　　

　A. need               B. are needing      C. are needed       D. will need　　

21. I promise that matter will _______.　　

　A. be taken care B. be taken care of   C. take care          D. take care of 　　

22. No permission has ________ for anybody to enter the building.　　

　A. been given             B. given            C. to give      D. be given　　

23. I _______ ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.　　

　A. gave               B. was given        C. was giving       D. had given　　

24. Can such a thing _____ happening again?　　

　A. prevent from       B. prevented from　　

　C. be prevented from  D. to prevent from　　

25. A new house ________ at the corner of the road.　　

　A. is building            B. is being built   C. been built       D. be building　　

26. This bike ________ last year.　　

　A. bought         B. has been bought  C. was bought       D. had been bought　　

27. Did you see the house that _______ by fire last year?　　

　A. was destroying     B. destroyed        C. would destroy    D. was destroyed　　

28. It _______ whether she will get her work in the hospital.　　

　A. hasn’t been decided   B. isn’t deciding  C. doesn’t decide      D. hasn’t decided　　

29. The pen _______ me. It is hers.　　

　A. isn’t belong to           B. wasn’t belong to   　　

　C. doesn’t belong to         D. didn’t belong to 　　

30. I can’t use my bike because it _______.　　

　A. is repairing       B. is being repaired    C. will repair      D. was repairing　　

31. The chairman told the speaker that she ______ to speak a little louder so as to make herself _____.　　

　A. was expected; heard        B. had expected; hear　　

　C had hoped; hear         D. was hoped; heard　　

32．— The window is dirty.　　

　— I know. It _____ for weeks. （2004全国03）　　

　A. hasn’t cleaned    B. didn’t clean    C. wasn’t cleaned      D. hasn’t been cleaned　　

33. By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _______ in Beijing. 　　

　A. would be completed    B. was being completed  　　

　C. has been completed        D. had been completed   　　

34.—How long _______ at this job?　　

　　—Since 1990.    (NMET 2003北京春季, 27)　　

　A. were you employed       B. have you been employed 　　

　C. had you been employed   D. will you be employed　　

35.—What happened to the priceless works of art?　　

　—_______.  (NMET 2003北京春季, 34)　　

　A. They were destroyed in the earthquake  B. The earthquake was destroying them　　

　C. They destroyed in the earthquake      D. The earthquake destroyed them　　

36. This is Ted’s photo. We miss him a lot. He _______ trying to save a child in the earthquake.　　

　A. killed     B is killed   C. was killed     D. was killing 　　

37. Rainforests         and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. (2002 上海春季, 30)　　

　A. cut                B. are cut      C. are being cut        D. had been cut　　

38. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _______ so rapidly.　　

　A. is changing    B. has changed   C. will have changed    D. will change 　　

39. Hundreds of jobs _______ if the factory closes.  (NMET 2001北京春季, 12)　　

　A. lose           B. will be lost         C. are lost    D. will lose　　

40. A new cinema _______ here. They hope to finish it next month.　　

　A. will be built      B. is built   C. has been built    D .is being built 　　

41.With the help of high technology,more and more new substances_______in the past years.　　

A.discovered B.have discovered  C.had been discovered  D.have been discovered　　

42.I got caught in the rain and my suit_______.　　

 A.has ruined  B.had ruined ac.has been ruined D.had been ruined　　

43.At the end of the meeting,it was announced that an agreement________.　　

A.has been reached  B.had been reached  C.has reached  D.had reached　　

44.The wet weather will continue tomorrow,when a cold front______to arrive.　　

A.is expected B.is expecting C.expects D.will be expected　　

45.---Do you have any problems if you______this job?　　

  ----Well,I’m thinking about the salary…　　

A. offer  B.will offer  C.are offered  D.will be offered 　　

46.---Have you handed in your schoolwork yet?　　

  ---Yes,I have.I guess it______now.　　

A. has graded  B.is graded  C.is being grsded  D.is grading　　

47.---What’s that noise?　　

  ---Oh,I forgot to tell you.The new machine_____.　　

A.was tested  B.will be tested  C.is being tested  D.has been tested　　

第三部分：练习答案　　

1-5 BDACC   6-10 BBBBB   11-15 BDBAB   16-20 BBADC 21-25 BABCB   26-30CDACB   31-35ADDBA   36-40CCABD  41-47DCBACCC