高三英语教案 Unit 5 Getting the message (词汇&语法)

（4）I have profited from your advice.（你的劝告使我得到好处。）
[搭配] profit from / by… 从……中获利（得到好处）
[拓展] profitable adj. 赚钱的；获利的；有益的
attach vt. 系；贴；附加；认为有（重要性）
[举例]（1）Please attach labels to the luggage.（请把标签系在行李上。）
（2）She attached a document to a letter.（她把文件附在信上。）
（3）Do you attach much important to what he says?（你认为他的话很重要吗？）
[搭配] attach sth to sth 附上；加上；贴上；系上；认为有；使与……相关联
[拓展] attachment n.（不可数）附带；附属；附着 （可数）附带物；附件
14. discount n. 折扣 vt. 打折扣 adj. 打折扣的
[举例]（1）We give (a) 10 percent discount for cash.（现金付款，我们给你打九折。）
（2）All the small sizes are discounted today.（今天所有小号的东西都打折。）
[搭配] at a discount of… 打……（多少）折扣
at a discount (指货物) 无销路的；易获得的；（喻）不受重视

其它词组：
go hand in hand with 与……齐头并进
make informed choice 做出知情的选择
get their message across 传播信息
large amounts of = a great deal of 大量
in a variety of = all kinds of 各种各样
make people aware of 使某人意识
look out for 关注
keep an eye out for 当心
bait and switch 偷梁换柱
9 out of / in 10 mothers 每十个妈妈中的九个
on sale 降价出售

语法：宾语补足语
可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：
名词：
We made him our monitor.
They thought this good advice.
They named their daughter Jenny.
注①：常用名词充当宾语补足语的动词有：call, name, elect, make, think, appoint, choose, find, consider, keep, wish, feel等。
注②：充当宾语补足语的名词若表示正式的或独一无二的头衔、职位时，前面一般不用冠词，
They elected John chairman of the committee.
形容词：
You should keep your room clean and tidy.
We’d better leave the door open.
注：常用形容词充当宾语补足语的动词有：believe, think, get, keep, make, find, set, like, wish, see, consider, prove, have, leave, 以及paint, drive, turn, cut等。
现在分词：
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.
I could feel the cold wind blowing on my face.
At this moment she noticed the teacher coming in.
动词不定式：
Nobody could make him change his mind.
Would you like me to come along with you?
He believed the earth to be a globe.
过去分词：
He watched the TV set carried out of the room.
Last year they had their house rebuilt.
When you speak English, be sure to make yourself understood.
此外，副词和介词短语也可以充当宾语补足语，如：
When do you want it back?
Why didn’t you invite them in?
We could hear the children at play outside.
宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系：
1．当名词、形容词、副词和介词短语充当宾语补足语时，它们和宾语之间有着逻辑上的主谓关系（或称表语关系），宾语补足语说明宾语的情况、性质、特征、状态、身份或属类等。试比较：
We made him our monitor. (He is our monitor.)
You should keep your room clean and tidy. (Your room is clean and tidy.)
We could hear the children at play outside. (The children are at play outside.)
2．当现在分词和动词不定式充当宾语补足语时，它们和宾语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，宾语补足语一般为宾语所做的动作，如：
He saw an old man getting on the bus. (An old man was getting on the bus.)
Did you see a young man enter the house? (A young man entered the house.)
3．当过去分词充当宾语补足语时，它与宾语之间有着动宾关系，即：宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，如：
I once heard this song sung in Japanese.
(This song was once sung in Japanese.)
I didn’t want the children taken out in such weather.
(The children were taken out in such weather.)
三、在用现在分词或不定式作宾语补足语的动词中，有些只能用现在分词作宾语补足语；有些只能用不定式作宾语补足语；还有的动词既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语：
只能用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有：catch, keep, mind, prevent, stop, smell, excuse等。
She caught her son smoking a cigarette.
His words started me thinking.
只能用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：wish, desire, expect, love, prefer, trust, encourage, let, allow, permit, mean, lead, bring, put, hurry, cause, remind, ask, invite, beg, request, worry, advise, persuade, call on, tell, order, command, require, make, force, drive, forbid, warn, help, teach, show, assist, report, bear, wait for // think, take, know, judge, consider, suppose, believe, allow, prove, declare等。
既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：see, watch, notice, look at, observe, listen to, hear, feel, have, imagine, discover, like, want, understand, hate, get, set, leave等。
四、使用不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式符号to的取舍问题：
在hear, listen to, let, have, make, see, watch, notice, observe等动词后的不定式需省去to。
feel一词，跟to be型不定式带to；跟to do型不定式不带to。
help一词后的不定式，可带to，也可以不带to。
五、在复合宾语中，宾语通常为名词或代词，但有时也可以用不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或that从句来充当。这时，应使用先行it代替宾语，而将真正的宾语移到句子的后部，
I felt it necessary to speak about our shortcomings.
Do you consider it any good trying again?
We all thought it a pity that you couldn’t join us.
注：在这种结构中，宾语补足语通常为名词或形容词；常用于这种结构的动词有： feel, find, think, make, take, judge, consider等。

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