中考英语语法精讲例析 动词
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增大字体 ［正］ Look. A beautiful lamp hung from the ceiling.
［析］ hang有两个含义，① "挂"，它的过去时与过去分词是hung， hung;② "绞刑"，这时它是规则动词，其过去式与过去分词则为hanged， hanged。
［误］ How long can I borrow this book?
［正］ How long can I keep this book?
［析］ "借"在英文中有三个词，① 借入，即borrow,如：May I borrow some books from the library?② 借出，如：I can lend my bike to you.③ 借多久要用keep, 因为borrow与lend都是截止性动词，而keep是延续性动词。如 How long can I keep it?
［误］ We have won your class.
［正］ We have beaten your class.
［析］ win是及物动词，其后面的宾语应是比赛、战争、奖品、奖金。而beat的宾语，应是人、队、班级等等，如：We won the game.
［误］ I left my key.
［正］ I forgot my key.
［正］ I left my key at home.
［析］ leave是"丢下"，其后一定要接地点状语，而forget其后不要接地点状语。
［误］ Oh! It's raining outside. Please bring the rain coat with you.
［正］ Oh! It's raining outside. Please take this rain coat with you.
［析］ bring为"带来"如：Next time bring your little sister here.而take为"带走"，fetch为"去某处取什么回来"，如：Please fetch some coffee for us 要熟记的是在初中课文中与take有关的词组，如： take away 拿走 take back 收回 take down 取下take off 脱下 take…out 拿出 take place 发生 take hold of 拿住 take part in 参加 take a seat 坐下take one's place 替代 take a look 看看 take one's turn 轮流 take a message 捎信 take care of 照看 take it easy 别着急take one's time 慢慢来 take one's temperature 测量体温
［误］ The policeman reached his gun.
［正］ The policeman reached for his gun.
［析］ reach作"到达"讲时是及物动词，如：I reached the hotel at 8∶30但作"伸手去拿"，则要用reach for something。作为"到达"讲时还有arrive (in+大地方)(at＋较小的地方)和get to.要注意的是与get有关的词组有： get back 回来 get in 收割 get into 进入 get off 下车 get on 上车 get out 出去 get up 起床 get to 到达 get ready for=be ready for get on well with 与人相处融洽 get 加比较级为变得如何，例如： get colder and colder.
［误］ This dictionary spent me five dollars.
［正］ This dictionary cost me five dollars.
［析］ 英文中的"花费"有4个spend, cost, take 和 pay,其中spend 与pay所在句中的主语应为人，如：I spent two hours in doing my homework. I paid five dallars for the book.而cost与take的主语则是事物，如：It takes me two years to finish this book.
［误］ In summer I always sleep with the windows opened.
［正］ In summer I always sleep with the windows open.
［正］ I always sleep with the windows closed.
［析］ 要注意open是动词也是形容词，而close则要用其过去分词作形容词。
［误］ Please wait a minute. I'm having on my clothes.
［正］ Please wait a minute. I'm putting on my clothes.
［析］ 英语中的穿衣服要分状态，是什么样的穿着打扮，还是穿衣服的动作两类动词。表示穿着状态的词有have on, wear,在用法上have on不宜用进行时态，它多用一般时态，如：She has on a new school dress. 而wear则多用进行时来表示状态，如：She is wearing a new sweater.在表示动作的词中put on是常用的一词。dress用作动词当"穿衣"讲时其后宾语不应接衣物，而要接人，如：My children were very young they couldn't dress themselves.在表示穿着状态时用其过去分词当形容词，如：He is dressed in white.
［误］ My computer can't begin. Could you find someone to help me?
［正］ My computer can't start. Could you find someone to help me?
［析］ begin与start均可指"开始"，而且常常可以互换，如：School begins (starts) at 8 a. m. 但是在两种情况下不宜用begin 而要用start, ① 当作机器开动、发动讲，如：My car can't start. There must be something wrong with it.② 作为"旅途开始"讲，如：We should have to start early. There was a lot of traffic on the road.
［误］ I'm very glad because I have founded my lost key.
［正］ I'm very glad because I have found my lost key.
［析］ find是不规则动词，它的过去式和过去分词是found, found，而found又是另外一词"建立"，它是规则动词，其过去式与过去分词是founded founded, 如：The People's Republic of China was founded in 1949.
［误］ Please. Let's speak in English.
［正］ Please. Let's speak English.
［正］ Please. Let's talk in English.
［误］ Can you speak it English?
［正］ Can you say it in English?
［析］ 英文中"说"有4个常用词say, tell, speak, talk.其中不及物动词有speak和talk，如：I want to talk with you.We are talking about the new film.而speak其后接语言时是及物动词，其他情况是不及物动词。say 与tell是及物动词，其中tell常用双宾语，如：Tell us a story.但用于讲实话或谎话时也用单宾语。如： Tell the truth.
［误］ Can you say Japanese from Chinese?
［正］ Can you tell Japanese from Chinese?
［析］ tell…from为固定词组，即分辨两者的不同。
［误］ Excuse me, did I step on your foot?
［正］ Oh, sorry, did I step on your foot?
［析］ excuse me用于未打扰对方前，以提醒对方注意的用语，而sorry则是由于自己已做的事向对方道歉。
［误］ Would you care for to swim with us?
［正］ Would you care to swim with us?
［析］ care for 后接不定式时，要省略for,或换用名词，如：Would you care for a cup of tea. care for 作"照顾"讲时与look after相同。在初中阶段学习与for有关的词组有：
ask for 请求 call for 接人，请人 care for 关心
［析］ hang有两个含义，① "挂"，它的过去时与过去分词是hung， hung;② "绞刑"，这时它是规则动词，其过去式与过去分词则为hanged， hanged。
［误］ How long can I borrow this book?
［正］ How long can I keep this book?
［析］ "借"在英文中有三个词，① 借入，即borrow,如：May I borrow some books from the library?② 借出，如：I can lend my bike to you.③ 借多久要用keep, 因为borrow与lend都是截止性动词，而keep是延续性动词。如 How long can I keep it?
［误］ We have won your class.
［正］ We have beaten your class.
［析］ win是及物动词，其后面的宾语应是比赛、战争、奖品、奖金。而beat的宾语，应是人、队、班级等等，如：We won the game.
［误］ I left my key.
［正］ I forgot my key.
［正］ I left my key at home.
［析］ leave是"丢下"，其后一定要接地点状语，而forget其后不要接地点状语。
［误］ Oh! It's raining outside. Please bring the rain coat with you.
［正］ Oh! It's raining outside. Please take this rain coat with you.
［析］ bring为"带来"如：Next time bring your little sister here.而take为"带走"，fetch为"去某处取什么回来"，如：Please fetch some coffee for us 要熟记的是在初中课文中与take有关的词组，如： take away 拿走 take back 收回 take down 取下take off 脱下 take…out 拿出 take place 发生 take hold of 拿住 take part in 参加 take a seat 坐下take one's place 替代 take a look 看看 take one's turn 轮流 take a message 捎信 take care of 照看 take it easy 别着急take one's time 慢慢来 take one's temperature 测量体温
［误］ The policeman reached his gun.
［正］ The policeman reached for his gun.
［析］ reach作"到达"讲时是及物动词，如：I reached the hotel at 8∶30但作"伸手去拿"，则要用reach for something。作为"到达"讲时还有arrive (in+大地方)(at＋较小的地方)和get to.要注意的是与get有关的词组有： get back 回来 get in 收割 get into 进入 get off 下车 get on 上车 get out 出去 get up 起床 get to 到达 get ready for=be ready for get on well with 与人相处融洽 get 加比较级为变得如何，例如： get colder and colder.
［误］ This dictionary spent me five dollars.
［正］ This dictionary cost me five dollars.
［析］ 英文中的"花费"有4个spend, cost, take 和 pay,其中spend 与pay所在句中的主语应为人，如：I spent two hours in doing my homework. I paid five dallars for the book.而cost与take的主语则是事物，如：It takes me two years to finish this book.
［误］ In summer I always sleep with the windows opened.
［正］ In summer I always sleep with the windows open.
［正］ I always sleep with the windows closed.
［析］ 要注意open是动词也是形容词，而close则要用其过去分词作形容词。
［误］ Please wait a minute. I'm having on my clothes.
［正］ Please wait a minute. I'm putting on my clothes.
［析］ 英语中的穿衣服要分状态，是什么样的穿着打扮，还是穿衣服的动作两类动词。表示穿着状态的词有have on, wear,在用法上have on不宜用进行时态，它多用一般时态，如：She has on a new school dress. 而wear则多用进行时来表示状态，如：She is wearing a new sweater.在表示动作的词中put on是常用的一词。dress用作动词当"穿衣"讲时其后宾语不应接衣物，而要接人，如：My children were very young they couldn't dress themselves.在表示穿着状态时用其过去分词当形容词，如：He is dressed in white.
［误］ My computer can't begin. Could you find someone to help me?
［正］ My computer can't start. Could you find someone to help me?
［析］ begin与start均可指"开始"，而且常常可以互换，如：School begins (starts) at 8 a. m. 但是在两种情况下不宜用begin 而要用start, ① 当作机器开动、发动讲，如：My car can't start. There must be something wrong with it.② 作为"旅途开始"讲，如：We should have to start early. There was a lot of traffic on the road.
［误］ I'm very glad because I have founded my lost key.
［正］ I'm very glad because I have found my lost key.
［析］ find是不规则动词，它的过去式和过去分词是found, found，而found又是另外一词"建立"，它是规则动词，其过去式与过去分词是founded founded, 如：The People's Republic of China was founded in 1949.
［误］ Please. Let's speak in English.
［正］ Please. Let's speak English.
［正］ Please. Let's talk in English.
［误］ Can you speak it English?
［正］ Can you say it in English?
［析］ 英文中"说"有4个常用词say, tell, speak, talk.其中不及物动词有speak和talk，如：I want to talk with you.We are talking about the new film.而speak其后接语言时是及物动词，其他情况是不及物动词。say 与tell是及物动词，其中tell常用双宾语，如：Tell us a story.但用于讲实话或谎话时也用单宾语。如： Tell the truth.
［误］ Can you say Japanese from Chinese?
［正］ Can you tell Japanese from Chinese?
［析］ tell…from为固定词组，即分辨两者的不同。
［误］ Excuse me, did I step on your foot?
［正］ Oh, sorry, did I step on your foot?
［析］ excuse me用于未打扰对方前，以提醒对方注意的用语，而sorry则是由于自己已做的事向对方道歉。
［误］ Would you care for to swim with us?
［正］ Would you care to swim with us?
［析］ care for 后接不定式时，要省略for,或换用名词，如：Would you care for a cup of tea. care for 作"照顾"讲时与look after相同。在初中阶段学习与for有关的词组有：
ask for 请求 call for 接人，请人 care for 关心
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