中考英语语法精讲例析 动词
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增大字体 ［误］ How nice the book is! Is it sold well?
［正］ How nice the book is! Does it sell well?
［析］ 有些动词可以表示一种动作，但也可以用来表示某种性质，表示动作时可用被动语态，在表示性质时则不可用被动语态。如：
This book sells well. 这本书畅销。
This car drives easily. 这车容易驾驶。
These clothes wash easily. 这些衣服好洗。
在作上述表达时，不要用被动语态。而要讲：
This kind of book was sold out. (这种书卖完了)
These clothes were washed by the washing machine. 这时要用被动语态，因为它描述的是具体动作。
［误］ Must I do it now?
No. you mustn't.
［正］ Must I do it now? No, you needn't.
［析］ need用在疑问句和否定句中常用作情态动词，其后接不带to的不定式。由must提问的问句作答语时，如是肯定的要用must,否定的要用needn't，即为没有必要。在肯定句中常用作实意动词，如：I need to wait for my boy.
［误］ Is this book yours?
Yes, It's.
［正］ Is this book yours?
Yes, It is.
［析］ 在肯定的回答中不要用缩写形式，而在否定的回答中可以用缩写形式，如：No. It isn't.
［误］ I'll have my bike repair tomorrow.
［正］ I'll have my bike repaired tomorrow.
［析］ have+人+动词原形或现在分词意为：让某人作某事，如：My father had me to learn how to drive， 或My father had me doing my homework from morning till might have+物+动词的过去分词为某件事被别人完成。如：I have my hair cut.我去理发。而不是自己理发。如果讲我想自己作某事，则用I want to repair my bike myself.
［误］ I'll get my brother repair the bike for you.
［正］ I'll get my brother to repair the bike for you.
［析］ have与get的用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。相同之处，如：have something done, 也可用get something done, 或have (get) somebody doing something但不同之处在于have somebody do something 在用get时则要用get somebody to do something。
［误］ I have to study on Saturday but I haven't to study a full day
［正］ I have to study on Saturday， but I don't have to study a full day.
［析］ have to 不得不，而don't have to 为其否定式。
［误］ Is Tom in the classroom? No. He mustn't be in the classroom, because I saw him talking with our teacher in the office just now.
［正］ Is Tom in the classroom? No. He can't be in the classroom because I saw him talking with our teacher in the office just now.
［析］ must 加动词原形表达一种比较肯定的推测，而表示否定的推测则要用can't。
［误］ My grandpa is over eighty but he is able to read without glasses.
［正］ My grandpa is over eighty， but he can read without glasses.
［析］ can (could) 多用于表达客观的事实，主观能力，而be able to 则多用于表达主观的意愿。
［误］ She doesn't answer the doorbell. She should be asleep.
［正］ She doesn't answer the doorbell. She must be asleep
［析］ should 用于现在时态的句子中应译为"应该"，如：You should do your homework right away. 而 must加动词原形表示一种推测。
［误］ Do you like to go with us?
［正］ Would you like to go with us?
［析］ Do you like…问的是习惯，如：Do you like swimming? 而would you like是一次性的邀请。
［误］ I am used to get up early in the morning.
［正］ I am used to getting up early in the morning.
［析］ used to 共有三种用法，① 表示过去的习惯，如：I used to live with my parents. ② 表示过去的习惯延续到现在，如：I am used to swimming in the river. ③ 用于被动语态，如： Oil is used to cook
［误］ To play with the children are very interesting.
［正］ To play with the children is very interesting.
［析］ 不定式作主语时，应视为单数主语，特别是两个不定式用and作连词作主语时，如指的是一件事也应用单数谓语动词。如：To get up early and to go to sleep early is good for your health.
［误］ He asked me do my homework alone.
［正］ He asked me to do my homework alone.
［析］ 某些动词要求不定式作其宾语或宾语补足语，它们是：ask somebody to do something 要求某人做某事。 tell somebody to do something 告诉某人做某事 还有prepare 准备， decide 决定， happen to 碰巧， seem 似乎。
［误］ he told me to drive a car.
［正］ He told me how to drive a car.
［析］ 要学会疑问词加不定式的用法，特别要注意的是what是疑问代词，而how是疑问副词。如：I want to know what to do. (我想知道干什么)。 I want to know how to do it. (我想知道如何去作)。 要注意的是how to do it 中的it是不可少的，因how是疑问副词，不能作及物动词的宾语，而what是疑问代词，可做do的宾语，所以what to do 后不要加it。
［误］ I am very glad meeting you.
［正］ I am very glad to meet you.
［析］ 许多形容词后加不定式，这样用时形容词多是用来描述人物的感情、态度，如：glad, happy, pleased, lucky, sorry, sad, upset, ready, careful, surprised。
［误］ I'm too glad for seeing you.
［正］ I'm too glad to see you.
［析］ 这句话不能按照too…to的句型翻译为：我太高兴了以至于不想见你。而应译为：见到你太高兴了。又如：She is too honest to tell the truth 应译为：她很诚实，不会不讲实话。
［误］ Tom is too young not to join the army.
［正］ Tom is too young to join the army.
［析］ 这是too…to的正常用法，太如何如何以至于不能如何。
［误］ I went to the hospital for seeing my old friend. He was ill in hospital.
［正］ I went to the hospital to see my old friend. He was ill in hospital.
［析］ 在句中表示某动作的目的时，要用不定式而不能用for加动名词。
［误］ Could you help me to find a chair to sit.
［正］ How nice the book is! Does it sell well?
［析］ 有些动词可以表示一种动作，但也可以用来表示某种性质，表示动作时可用被动语态，在表示性质时则不可用被动语态。如：
This book sells well. 这本书畅销。
This car drives easily. 这车容易驾驶。
These clothes wash easily. 这些衣服好洗。
在作上述表达时，不要用被动语态。而要讲：
This kind of book was sold out. (这种书卖完了)
These clothes were washed by the washing machine. 这时要用被动语态，因为它描述的是具体动作。
［误］ Must I do it now?
No. you mustn't.
［正］ Must I do it now? No, you needn't.
［析］ need用在疑问句和否定句中常用作情态动词，其后接不带to的不定式。由must提问的问句作答语时，如是肯定的要用must,否定的要用needn't，即为没有必要。在肯定句中常用作实意动词，如：I need to wait for my boy.
［误］ Is this book yours?
Yes, It's.
［正］ Is this book yours?
Yes, It is.
［析］ 在肯定的回答中不要用缩写形式，而在否定的回答中可以用缩写形式，如：No. It isn't.
［误］ I'll have my bike repair tomorrow.
［正］ I'll have my bike repaired tomorrow.
［析］ have+人+动词原形或现在分词意为：让某人作某事，如：My father had me to learn how to drive， 或My father had me doing my homework from morning till might have+物+动词的过去分词为某件事被别人完成。如：I have my hair cut.我去理发。而不是自己理发。如果讲我想自己作某事，则用I want to repair my bike myself.
［误］ I'll get my brother repair the bike for you.
［正］ I'll get my brother to repair the bike for you.
［析］ have与get的用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。相同之处，如：have something done, 也可用get something done, 或have (get) somebody doing something但不同之处在于have somebody do something 在用get时则要用get somebody to do something。
［误］ I have to study on Saturday but I haven't to study a full day
［正］ I have to study on Saturday， but I don't have to study a full day.
［析］ have to 不得不，而don't have to 为其否定式。
［误］ Is Tom in the classroom? No. He mustn't be in the classroom, because I saw him talking with our teacher in the office just now.
［正］ Is Tom in the classroom? No. He can't be in the classroom because I saw him talking with our teacher in the office just now.
［析］ must 加动词原形表达一种比较肯定的推测，而表示否定的推测则要用can't。
［误］ My grandpa is over eighty but he is able to read without glasses.
［正］ My grandpa is over eighty， but he can read without glasses.
［析］ can (could) 多用于表达客观的事实，主观能力，而be able to 则多用于表达主观的意愿。
［误］ She doesn't answer the doorbell. She should be asleep.
［正］ She doesn't answer the doorbell. She must be asleep
［析］ should 用于现在时态的句子中应译为"应该"，如：You should do your homework right away. 而 must加动词原形表示一种推测。
［误］ Do you like to go with us?
［正］ Would you like to go with us?
［析］ Do you like…问的是习惯，如：Do you like swimming? 而would you like是一次性的邀请。
［误］ I am used to get up early in the morning.
［正］ I am used to getting up early in the morning.
［析］ used to 共有三种用法，① 表示过去的习惯，如：I used to live with my parents. ② 表示过去的习惯延续到现在，如：I am used to swimming in the river. ③ 用于被动语态，如： Oil is used to cook
［误］ To play with the children are very interesting.
［正］ To play with the children is very interesting.
［析］ 不定式作主语时，应视为单数主语，特别是两个不定式用and作连词作主语时，如指的是一件事也应用单数谓语动词。如：To get up early and to go to sleep early is good for your health.
［误］ He asked me do my homework alone.
［正］ He asked me to do my homework alone.
［析］ 某些动词要求不定式作其宾语或宾语补足语，它们是：ask somebody to do something 要求某人做某事。 tell somebody to do something 告诉某人做某事 还有prepare 准备， decide 决定， happen to 碰巧， seem 似乎。
［误］ he told me to drive a car.
［正］ He told me how to drive a car.
［析］ 要学会疑问词加不定式的用法，特别要注意的是what是疑问代词，而how是疑问副词。如：I want to know what to do. (我想知道干什么)。 I want to know how to do it. (我想知道如何去作)。 要注意的是how to do it 中的it是不可少的，因how是疑问副词，不能作及物动词的宾语，而what是疑问代词，可做do的宾语，所以what to do 后不要加it。
［误］ I am very glad meeting you.
［正］ I am very glad to meet you.
［析］ 许多形容词后加不定式，这样用时形容词多是用来描述人物的感情、态度，如：glad, happy, pleased, lucky, sorry, sad, upset, ready, careful, surprised。
［误］ I'm too glad for seeing you.
［正］ I'm too glad to see you.
［析］ 这句话不能按照too…to的句型翻译为：我太高兴了以至于不想见你。而应译为：见到你太高兴了。又如：She is too honest to tell the truth 应译为：她很诚实，不会不讲实话。
［误］ Tom is too young not to join the army.
［正］ Tom is too young to join the army.
［析］ 这是too…to的正常用法，太如何如何以至于不能如何。
［误］ I went to the hospital for seeing my old friend. He was ill in hospital.
［正］ I went to the hospital to see my old friend. He was ill in hospital.
［析］ 在句中表示某动作的目的时，要用不定式而不能用for加动名词。
［误］ Could you help me to find a chair to sit.
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