中考英语语法知识难点讲练

　例3 A new factory is ____ very soon.
　A to be built B built
　C to build D to building
　解析：该题选A。is to be built意为"将要被建"。
（八）动名词
I． 要点
　动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。
　１、 动名词的形式，以write为例。
式 | 语态  主动语态  被动语态
一般式  writing  being written
完成式  having written  having been written
　否定式 not +动名词
　２、 动名词的用法
　（１） 作主语
　Playing football is my favorite sport.
　Travelling with friends at weekend is fun.
　作主语的动名词结构复杂且长时，可用it作形式主语。如：
　It is fun travelling with friends at weekend.
　（２） 作宾语
　I enjoy playing PC game.
　He gave up writing five years ago.
　（３） 作表语
　What he hated most was doing nothing.
　Seeing is believing.
　动名词作表语时，句子的主语常是无生命名词或what引导的名词性从句。
　（４） 作定语
　There's a dining room in my school.
　All the people watching laughed.
　（５） 动名词的复合结构"物主代词（或名词的所有格）+动名词"。如：
　Tom's going home late made her mother angry.
　Would you mind my opening the window?
　不过，动名词的逻辑主语在遇到以下情况时，必须用名词的普通格（或人称代词的宾格）。
　①无生命名词
　The girls were afraid of the door suddenly closing.
　Fire burns better by oxygen being at work.
　②有生命名词，但表泛指。
　Have you ever heard of girls smoking?
　③两个以上的有生命的名词并列。
　Do you still remember my parents and me coming to see you that day?
　3．后面常接动名词的动词和短语
　mind, enjoy, finish, consider, practise, magine,
　keep, suggest, advise, allow, permit,
　be worth doing, be used to doing, be busy doing,
　can't help doing, it is no good doing, it is no use doing,
　look forward to doing, stick to doing, pay attention to doing,
　devote to doing, lead to doing
II．例题
　例１ She says she doesn't feel like ____ out with you.
　A going B to go C for going D went
　解析：该题正确答案为A。 feel like = want, 此处like 为介词，后面要接名词或动名词作宾语
　例２ The garden needs ____.
　A water B watering C to water D watered
　解析：该题正确答案为B。 need = want = require. 如果物作主语，此三者后要接动名词或to be done这一结构作宾语。
　例３ Excuse me ____ you.
　A interrupting B to interrupt
　C interrupted D to have interrupted
　解析：该题正确答案为A。excuse 后接动名词作宾语，此句中的me为动名词的逻辑主语（常用于口语中）。
（九）分词
I． 要点
　分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容和副词的句法功能。它分为现在分词和过去分词两类。现在分词和过去分词的主要差别在于现在分词有一般式和完成式，过去分词则只有一般式。现在分词表动作正在进行，表主动。过去分词及物动词表动作已经完成，表被动。过去分词不及物动词表动作已经完成，表主动。
过去分词的句法功能：
　１、 作定语
　I like to read the novel written by Lu Xun.
　The woman sitting beside the broken window was a friend of mine.
　２、 作表语
　When I came into the room, I found the window was broken.
　I'm interested in this book.
　３、 作宾语补足语
　I'm going to have my bike repaired.
　When I walked home, I saw the thief caught by the police.
　4、作状语
　Seen from the top of the mountain, the city looks small.
　The teacher came into the classroom, followed by his students.
　现在分词的句法功能。
　1、作状语
　Seeing from the top of the mountain, I found the city was beautiful.
　Walking along the street, they suddenly saw him.
　2、作宾语
　I hate being spoken ill of.
　He considered visiting Japan during the winter vocation.

　3、作表语
　Seeing is believing.
　The book is interesting.
　4、作宾语补足语
　I noticed him crossing the street.
　Mother caught him smoking in the kitchen.
　5、作定语
　Do you know the man writing a letter?
　The worker running a machine is my brother.
　分词使用中的几个问题
　1、现在分词的完成式
　Having cleaned the room, I went out.
　2、现在分词的否定式
　Not having received any letter, he felt a little worried.
　3、现在分词与过去分词的不同
　现在分词表示主动、正在，过去分词表示被动、完成
　I found the man killed there.
　I found the man standing there.
　4、have结构
　We have the car repaired.
　We have repaired the car.
　We have Tom repair the car.
　We have Tom repairing the car the whole morning.
　5、分词作表语
　We were excited at the news.
　The football game is exciting.
　6、独立主格结构
　It being a fine day, we went out to visit the park.
II． 例题
　例1、Time_______， I'll go on a picnic with you.
　A. permit B. to permit C. permitted D. permitting
　解析：该题答案为D。 Time permitting…是独立主格结构，意为"如果时间允许的话…"
　例2、_______ if he had any bad habit, she replied that he was a heavy smoker.
　A. Ask B. To ask C. Asked D. Asking
　解析：该题答案为C。主语she是被问。
英语语法知识难点（三）
（十）情态动词与助动词
I． 要点
　助动词本身无意义，在句中帮助主要动词构成一定的时态，语态、语气，或是帮助构成否定句和疑问句，常用的助动词有be, do, have, shall(should), will(would).
　情态动词表一定的词义，本身并不表示动作或状态，而仅仅表达说话人的态度，它在句中须和主要动词一起构成谓语，主要的情态动词有can(could), may (might), must, have to, ought to, need, dare, shall, should, will, would.

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