中考英语语法知识难点讲练

　（3）含有否定意义的词置于句首，如，Hardly, scarcely, not, seldom, no sooner, never, little, at no time, in no way, no more等，如，Never had I heard that.
                             Little did I know about this.
　（4）以often, so +形容词或副词开头的句子，如，
　So heavy is the box that he cannot carry it.
　（5）用于省略if的虚拟条件句中，将had, were, should提前，如，
　Were I you, I wouldn't do that.
　Had he come, we would have won.
　（6）用于某些表示祝愿的句中，如，
　May you be happy for ever.
II．例题
　例1、Not only ____ this machine but ____ it.
　A. can he run……can he repair    B. can he run……he can repair
　C. he can run……he can repair   D. he can run……can he repair
　解析：该题答案为B，在not only……but (also)句型中，只有but前面的部分倒装，but后面仍是正常语序。
　例2、____, it is quite easy to drill a hole in it with laser（激光）.
　A. Hard although the diamond   B. Hard as the diamond is
　C. As the diamond is hard          D. Has hard is the diamond
　解析：该题答案为B，在让步状语从句中，从属连词as可以表示though，但要用倒装语序。
　例3、Only in this way ____ to improve the situation there.
　A. can you hope 　B. you can hope 　C. hope can 　D. you hope
　解析：该题答案为A， only和它所修饰的状语一起置于句首时，须用倒装。
（十五）it 与there be的用法
I．要点
　1、it的用法
　（1）用作人称代词，代替前文提到的无生命的事物，动植物、婴儿及指示代词this, that，如，
　I have a new pen. It is beautiful.
　The Browns have a new baby. It's cute.
　（2）用来表示时间、天气、距离等，如，It's twelve o'clock now.
　                                     It's fine today.
　（3）用作引导词，代替由不定式，ing形式或从句表示的真正的主语或宾语，如，
　It's no good telling him that.
　It's necessary for you to do so.
　（4）用在强调结构中，构成强调句式：It is/was +被强调部分+that/who/whom +句子其余部分，可强调除谓语以外的句子其他成分，如，
　It was this morning that I saw him in the street.
　It was I who saw him in the street this morning.
　It was in the street that I saw him this morning.
　It was him whom I saw in the street this morning.
2、there be句型
　英语表示某时某处或某物时，常用there be句型，这是一种倒装结构，如，
　There are a lot of students playing on the ground.
　There is going to be a test this afternoon.
　当主语有两个或两个以上时，动词be常和最近的那个主语取得一致，如，
　There is a pen and three pencils in the pencil-box.
　There isn't a desk, a bench and three chairs in the room.
　There are lots of people like it, aren't there?
　there be句型，谓语动词除be之外，还可用其他表示存在，位置移动等意义的不及物动词或词组，如exist, stand, lie, enter, come, happen to be, appear to be等，如，
　There stands a house at the foot of the hill.
　there be句型表示"存在"而have表"有"、"拥有"，所以there be中 be不能换成have，但当have表示事物的特征时，可用"主语+have"结构替换there be 句型，如：
　There are five doors in the house.
　The house has five doors.
    there be 的其它句型：
　1、There must be a meeting in the office.
　2、There have been great changes since 1979.
　3、There being no bus, we had to walk home.
I． 例题
　例１ ____ that he went to sleep.
　A It was until midnight           B That was until midnight
　C It was not until midnight   D That was not until midnight
　解析：该题答案为C。强调until结构时，要将否定词not移到until前。又如：He didn't leave until twelve 改为It was not until twelve that he left.
例２ There are a lot of students ____ in the class room.
　A talk   B talking   C talked   D to talk
　解析：该题正确答案为B。 There be句型为倒装句，可换为A lot of students are talking in the class room. 又如：There is a lot of noise heard out in the street.
（十六）省略
I．要点
　有时为了避免重复，使语言简练紧凑，在不损害结构或引起误解的原则下，往往省去一个或多个句子成分或词语。
　１、 固定习惯用词。如：
　No smoking! Thanks s lot!等。
　2. 简单句中的省略
　（１） 口语中，一、二、三人称的主语，有时还包括谓语都可以省略。如：（It is）Nice to see you!
　(This is) Li Ming speaking.
　（２） 所有格后的名词如为住宅、商店、工矿、教堂等可以省略。如：
　I'm going to visit Tom's (house).
　I met him at the tailor's (shop).
　（３） 两个或两个以上的动词不定式并列在一起时，第一个不定式带to，后面的不定式可省to.如: His job is to clean and mend the machine.
　（４） 主（宾）语补足语中的to be常省略。He was considered (to be) the best student in the class.
　（５） There be结构中 there be可同时省略，或只省略there.如：(Is there) Anything wrong?
　（６） 表示年龄的years old, 表示钟点的o'clock, minute等常省略。如：What time is it now? It's ten (o'clock).
　3从句中的省略
　（１） 宾语从句，以which, when, where, how和why引起的宾语从句谓语与主句谓语如相同，可省略从句中全部谓语，甚至主语也可省略，仅保留wh－一词。如：

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