必修3教案 Unit1 Festivals around the world-Reading

2. Festivals and celebrations of all kinds are held everywhere. (Reading)
这里festivals and celebrations of all kinds = all kinds of festivals and celebrations。
又如：experiments of this kind = this kind of experiments 
—You said he was old. 你说他老了。
—I never said anything of the kind.（=I said nothing at all like that.）我从来没有说过那种话！
注意of a kind的含义：
1) of the same kind：Father and son are two of a kind. They’re both generous.
2) of a not very good kind：It’s advice of a kind，but it wasn’t very helpful.
3. The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and the coming of spring. (Reading)
look forward to期待, to 在这里是介词。
I’m looking forward to seeing you soon.
下列短语中的to 也是介词。
1.be similar to与……相似
2.be/get engaged to（与某人）订婚
3. relate…to/with把……与……联系起来，be related to 与……有关系
4. be/become/get addicted to“对……上瘾；沉溺于”
5. look up to尊敬；钦佩
6．A is to B what C is to D. “A对B而言正如C对D一样。”
7. belong to 属于；是……的成员之一
8. contribute to “为……作贡献；有助于……；向……投稿”
9. available( to)可获得的；可用的；可看见的
10. to the full/fullest充分地；尽情地；非常
11. witness to“为……作证；出庭证明；证实；说明”
12. attend to“处理；专心于；注意”
13. have access to接近；进入
14. put an end to结束；制止
15. lead to导致；招致
16. come to life恢复生气；活跃起来
17. set an example to为……树立榜样
18. get used to适应于……；习惯于……
19. tend to朝某方向；趋于
20. date back to追溯到；始于
21. object to反对；讨厌
22. according to根据
23. adjust to适应
24. draw attention to吸引某人的注意力
25. open a /the door to/for为……创造条件，给……开门，给……以方便
4. The country is covered with cherry trees flowers so that it looks as though it might be covered with pink snow.
as though=as if好像;仿佛;似乎；
The boy looks as if he were a big man.
5. In European countries it is the custom to decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit. (Reading)
it在这里是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式to decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit。
6. If they are not given anything, the children might play a trick. (Reading)
play a trick (on sb) 在这里是“捉弄某人”的意思。类似是表达还有laugh at sb 嘲笑某人；make jokes about sb开某人的玩笑。
The naughty children like playing tricks on their maths teacher.
Don’t laugh at the people in trouble.
How dare you make jokes about your boss?
7. Because they thought these festivals would bring a year of plenty. (Reading)
year/ day/ life of plenty表示“富足的年景/日子/生活”。
You have a life of plenty， what would you be worried about？

【高考链接】
情态动词难点透视
英语中的情态动词虽然为数不多，但是要掌握好它们的用法并不容易。本文结合同学们在使用情态动词时不易掌握的难点谈几点看法。
1. can表示可能性时，指的是理论上的可能，它通常不用来表示某事实际发生的可能性或真实性。如：
Accidents can happen．Anybody can make mistakes．
如果我们要表达某事发生的实际可能性，要用may, could或might等。
We may spend our summer holidays in Hangzhou this year．
Will you answer the telephone？It could／may／might be your mother．
2.could用来征求意见时，语气要比can委婉，但在回答问题时我们不能用could,因为语气委婉，可能性就变小了。如：
—Could I use your telephone？—Yes, please go ahead．
3.在过去时态的肯定句中需要某种条件或努力做成某事，我们要用was／were able to而不能用could。如：
It was a holiday and the children were able to go to the seaside．
The girl worked hard so she was able to pass the final test．
4．must与have to都可以表示“必须”的意思，但要注意以下两点区别。
1) must只有现在时，而have to有现在时、过去时和将来时。如：
We must work hard, or we’ll fail in the examination．
Years ago, the poor girl had to leave school for lack of money．
2) must表示主观看法，have to则侧重于客观需要。如：
We must be strict with ourselves in everything．
In cities with many cars, some people have to wear masks．
5．must表示推测时，其反意问句有好几种形式。
1) “must＋动词原形”对目前的情况进行推测时以及用must＋be＋-ing形式对目前正在发生的情况进行推测时，疑问短语部分要与must之后的动词相一致。如：
The mathematics teacher must be in the office now, isn’t he﹖
2) “must＋have＋过去分词”用来表示对已经发生的事情进行推论。如果句子中有过去的时间状语，疑问部分用助动词didn’t否则，疑问部分用haven’t或hasn’t。如：
The children must have watered the tomatoes yesterday, didn’t they﹖
The minister must have arrived in Shanghai, hasn’t he﹖
6．shall可以用来征求对方意见，用于第一、三人称。此外它也可以用来表示说话人的命令、警告、允诺、威胁或决心等，这时它用于第二、三人称。如：
Shall she go to the concert with us this evening﹖ (征求意见)
You shall go to the front at once．(命令)
Don’t worry．You shall get the answer this very afternoon．（允诺）
He shall be sorry one day．I tell you．(警告)

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