高一英语教案 教学案模块二　Unit 1 Tales of the unexplained ( 4 )

教学案模块二　　

Unit 1 Tales of the unexplained ( 4 )　　

Grammar　　

一．现在完成时                                  　　

1． 定义：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作或存在的状态对现在造成的影响或结果。也就是说现在完成时虽与过去有关，但实际上看重的是对现在的影响或结果。　　

如：    He has turned off the light．　　

（动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况——灯现在不亮了。）
       Who has opened the window?　　

（动作发生在过去，但说明的是现在的情况——现在窗子开着呢。）　　

2． 现在完成时的构成　　

现在完成时是由“助动词have / has + 过去分词”构成的，　　

【现在完成时的句式】 　　

（1）否定句式： “haven't （hasn't）＋过去分词...”。
 I have not seen the movie yet.　　

（2）一般疑问句：Have（Has）+主语+过去分词...？　　

—Has she arrived here？　　

—Yes, she has./  No, she hasn't.　　

（3）特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have（has）+主语+过去分词...？　　

 How many times have you been to the Great Wall？　　

3．比较一般过去时与现在完成时 　　

1) 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情, 强调动作; 现在完成时为过去发生的, 强调过去的事情对现在的影响, 强调的是影响。 　　

2) 一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用, 而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用, 或无时间状语。  　　

一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week, …ago, in1980, in October, just now等, 皆为具体的时间状语。　　

 现在完成时的时间状语: for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, up to now, in the past … years,等, 皆不确定的时间状语。　　

3) 现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态, 动词一般是延续性的, 如live, teach, learn, work, study, know。　　

   一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。　　

    例如：　　

   I saw this film yesterday.       (强调看的动作发生过了)　　

I have seen this film.           (强调对现在的影响, 电影的内容已经知道了)　　

He has been a League member for three years.            (是团员的状态可持续)　　

(错) Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.　　

(对) Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 　　

4.用于现在完成时的句型  　　

　 　

1)                  It is the first / second time.... that…结构中的从句部分, 用现在完成时。　　

例如：　　

It is the first time that I have visited the city. 　　

               　　

This is the first time (that)  I've heard him sing.　　

注意: It was the third time that the boy had been late.　　

　 　

2)                  This is +形容词最高级+that…结构, that 从句要用现在完成时。　　

例如：　　

　This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 　　

　 　

典型例题　　

(1). ---Do you know our town at all?　　　

---No, this is the first time I ___ here.                                          　　

 A. was　          B. have been　 　　

C. came　         D. am coming  　　

(2). ---Have you ___ been to our town before?　　

　---No, it's the first time I __ here.　　

A. even, came　 B. even, am coming　　　　

　 　

C. ever, come　 D. ever, have come  　　

　 　

注意: 非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。　　

(错) I have received his letter for a month.　　

(对) I received this letter a month ago.　　

(对) I haven't received his letter for almost a month.　　

5.　　

比较since和for: 　　

since 用来说明动作起始时间, for用来说明动作延续时间长度。　　

　I have lived here for more than twenty years. 　　

　I have lived here since I was born. 　　

 注意: 并非有for 时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。　　　

　 　

I worked here for more than twenty years.        (我现在已不在这里工作。)　　

　 　

I have worked here for many years.             (现在我仍在这里工作。)　　

　 　

注意: 用句型转换的方法, 很容易排除非延续动词在有for/since结构的完成时中的误用。　　　　

　 　

二．现在完成进行时：　　

1． 定义：现在完成进行时表示某一动作在过去开始发生, 已经持续到现在, 并且还将持续, 或刚刚停止。　　

2 现在完成进行时的构成
现在完成进行时是由“have/has+been+动词的现在分词”构成
3 现在完成进行时的基本句型  　　

肯定式	疑问式	简略回答
I have been working.	Have you been working?	Yes, I/we have. No, I/we haven’t.
He/She/It has been working.	Has he/she/it been working?	Yes, he/she/it has. No, he/she/it hasn’t.
We/You/They have been working.	Have they been working?	Yes, they have. No, they haven’t.

注： 现在完成进行时基本上没有否定结构
4 现在完成时的语法作用
（1）在强调指出动作还未结束，还要继续下去。　　

I’ve been reading this book for two hours, but I haven’t finished it. 这本书我已读了两个小时了，但我还没读完。
I’ve read this book.我已读完这本书了。
（2）强调动作延续时间的长久或带感情色彩。
She has always been working like that.她一贯是这样工作的。
（3）动作不包含持续意义的动作，要表示延续到现在的动作，要用现在完成进行时。
They’ve been building a ship.（在进行）他们一直在造一艘船。
（4）现在完成进行时也可表示现在以前这段时间反复发生的事情。
We’ve been seeing quite a lot of each other recently.最近我们经常见面。　　

三．现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别
（1）现在完成进行时更强调动作的延续性，它是现在完成时的强调形式。试比较：
We’ve been living here for ten years.
We’ve lived here for ten years.我们在这儿已经住了十年了。
（2）在不用时间状语的情况下，现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行。而现在完成时则表示动作在过去已结束。如： 
The students have been preparing for the exam.（还在进行）　　

学生们一直在准备考试。
The students have prepared for the exam.（已经结束）　　

学生们为考试作了准备。
（3）有些表示状态，感情，感觉的动词如：have, exist, like, hate, hear, know, sound等动词不能用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时。如：
They’ve known each other since 1970.　　

自从1970年起他们就相互认识了。　　

巩固练习：　　

1．--- I’m sorry to deep you waiting. 　　

   --- Oh, not at all, I ___ here only a few minutes. 　　

A have been  B had been  C was   D will be 　　

2. --- _____ the sports meeting bight be put off. 　　

  --- Yes, it all depends on the weather. 　　

A I’ve been told       B I’ve told  　　

C I’m told            D I told 　　

3. --- I haven’t heard from Henry for a long time. 　　

  --- What do you suppose ____ to him?　　

A was happening    B to happen 　　

C has happened     D had happened 　　

4. You don’t need to describe her. I ____ her several times. 　　

A had met  B have met   C met  D meet 　　

5. --- How are you today ?　　

  --- Oh, I ____ as ill as I do today for a very long time. 　　

A didn’t feel         B wasn’t feeling 　　

C don’t feel          D haven’t felt 　　

6. When and where to for the on-salary holiday ____ yet. 　　

A are not decided   B haven’t been decided 　　

C is not being decided   D hasn’t been decided 　　

7. They ____ friends since they met in Shanghai. 　　

A have made   B have become  　　

C have been    D have turn 　　

8. It is the third time you ___ late this week. 　　

A had arrived   B arrived 　　

C have arrived   D are arriving 　　

9. --- Where ___ the recorder ? I can’t see it anywhere. 　　

  --- I ___ right here. But now it’s gone. 　　

A did you put; have put  　　

B have you put; put 　　

C had you put; was putting 　　

D were you putting; have put 　　

10. When I was at college, I __ three foreign languages, but I ___ all except a few words of each. 　　

Aspoke; had forgotten   　　

B spoke; have forgotten 　　

C had spoken; had forgotten  　　

D had spoken; have forgotten 　　

11. --- If ___ heavily for two days. 　　

   --- How bad! If only the rain stopped now. 　　

A is raining  B has rained  C has been raining  D has been rained 　　

12. --- Have you had a good evening ?　　

  --- Well, I _____ this film on television but it is rubbish, so I think I’ll turn it off now. 　　

A watched           B was watching 　　

C have been watching  D had been watching 　　

13. I haven’t seen Jim these day; I am afraid she ___ herself. 　　

A hasn’t been feeling   B isn’t feeling  　　

C wasn’t feeling       D hadn’t been feeling 　　

14. I ____ the book these days and I can finish reading it within two days. 　　

A have read         B have been reading 　　

C read              D am reading 　　

15. The old man ____ for three days. Where do you think we could find him ?　　

A is gone       B has been gone 　　

C has gone      D ahs been going