高三英语教案 Unit7 A Christmas Carol (同步辅导与练习)
Judging from his accent,he must be from Henan.从口音上判断,他肯定是河南人。
Buried deep down in the earth,the dead forests rotted away and became coal.
由于在地下埋得很深,死的森林腐烂而变成了煤。
【注】分词作状语时,当分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时,分词需带自已的主语,从而形成独立主格结构作状语。如:
There being no bus,we had to walk home.没有公共汽车了,我们只得步行回家。
He lay on his hack,his hands crossed under his head.他面朝天,头枕着手躺着。
Jack being away,John had to do the work.杰克不在,只好由约翰来做这工作。
▲名词或其短语作状语。如:
We walked ten miles to the town. 我们走了十英里到了这个镇上。
He came here the day before yesterday.他前天到这儿。
Wait a minute,please.请等一下。
▲状语从句
状语从句在句中用来修饰谓语、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其意思的不同,可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、比较、条件等九种状语从句,每种状语从句都有一定的连词引导,所以,我们在复习状语从句时,一定要把有关连词的意思、用法和注意事项弄清楚。下面我们对各类状语从句作必要的说明。
▲时间状语从句通常由when,while,as,as soon as,until,till,the moment,the instant,every time,once,directly,immediately等连词引导。如:
When I have finished,I’ll tell you.当我完成的时候,我就告诉你。
As soon as he arrives,he will start work.他一到达,就开始工作。
We knew that till he arrived nothing would be done.我们知道,直到他到达之前,没有办法。
The moment I saw him,I recognized him.我一见到他就认出他来了。
Every time he came,he would bring me some books to read.每次他来,总要带些书给我看。
They have been discussing this question since the meeting began.
从会议开始到现在,他们一直在讨论这个问题。
Once the film is made,all the young people will want to see it.
这部影片一拍好,所有的年轻人都会想看。
【注】在时间状语从句中,连词when和while的用法有所不同。when既可以指一点时间,又可以指一段时间;而while只能指一段时间,所以在while引导的状语从句中,不能用终止性动词。另外,在when和while从句中,只要从句的主语与主句的主语一致,在从句中就可以省去主语和to be,只用一个现在分词或过去分词,有时可在when和while之后直接跟介词短语。如:
When completed,the railway will connect the two cities.
这条铁路建成后,将把这两个城市连接起来。
While in London,Marx spent a lot of time studying in the British Museum.
马克思在伦敦的时候,用了很多时间在大英博物馆学习研究。
Be careful when crossing the street.过马路时要当心。
【注】as在时间状语从句中经常指一个动作的过程,所以从句大都用进行时态,如我们不能说as he came,但可以说as he was coming into the room。因为as he came表示动作已结束,而as he was coming表示一个正在进行的动作。
【注】当我们看到until或till引导的时间状语从句时要特别注意,当主句是肯定句时,谓语动词一定要用持续性动词;当主句是否定句时,谓语动词既可以是终止性动词,也可以是持续性动词。如:
We walked along the river until it was dark.我们沿着河散步,到天黑才回去。
I didn’t go to bed until the clock struck twelve.我直到十二点才去睡觉。
He didn’t know anything about it until I told him.直到我告诉他,他才知道此事。
▲地点状语从句
地点状语从句实际上只有两个连词,即where和wherever。如:
Put the medicine where he can easily get it.把药放在他容易拿到的地方。
Wherever you go,you will always find the same thing.不论你去哪里,你总会发现同样的事情。
Put a mark where you find a question.在发现问题的地方做一个记号。
Where the high building stands there used to be some low houses.
在那座高楼耸立的地方,原来有一些低矮的房子。
▲原因状语从句
原因状语从句由as,because,since,now that等引导。如:
As you are here,you had better help me.既然你在这里,你最好来帮助我。
Since you won’t take advice,there is no point in asking for it.既然你不听忠告,就没有征求的必要。
Now that you are here,let’s have a discussion over the question.
既然你们都在这里,我们就讨论一下这个问题吧!
I do it because I like it.因为我喜欢我才干。
【注】as,since,now that,seeing that等连词意思很接近,我们可以把它们作为一类放在一起与because从句作比较,as等从句所叙述的原因实际上读者是知道的,或是自己能看得出的,因而不是整个句子的重点所在,而because引导的从句是整个句子的重点所在。试比较下列句子:
As he is honest,we all like him.由于他很诚实,我们都喜欢他。
We all like him because he is honest.我们喜欢他是因为他诚实。
前一句重点在于说明我们都喜欢他,而后一句则着重说明我们喜欢他的原因,语气上显然有很大的不同,请体会其中的差异。
▲方式状语从句
方式状语从句通常描写一个人或物是什么样子,或者一件事是如何做的,其主要的连词是as和as if(as though)。以as if(as though)引导的从句,如讲的是与事实相反的情况,则要用虚拟语气。如:
Do as I tell you.照我告诉你们的去做。
The students do the maths exercises as the teacher has taught them.
学生们按照老师教的去做数学练习。
Just as water is the most important of liquids,air is the most important of the gases.
正如水是液体中最重要的液体一样,空气是气体中最重要的气体。
You should do the experiment as the teacher does.你应该像老师那样去做实验。
She opened her lips as if she were going to say something.她张着嘴,好像要说些什么。
He reached out his hand as though he were going to catch something.
他伸出手来,好像在设法捕捉一个什么东西。
▲比较状语从句
此类从句是提出一个事实或情况与主句表达的事情或情况相比较,有各种类型的比较,如同级比较、比较级,或两者同时增强或减弱的正比例比较,也有一增一减的反比例比较。如:
Buried deep down in the earth,the dead forests rotted away and became coal.
由于在地下埋得很深,死的森林腐烂而变成了煤。
【注】分词作状语时,当分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时,分词需带自已的主语,从而形成独立主格结构作状语。如:
There being no bus,we had to walk home.没有公共汽车了,我们只得步行回家。
He lay on his hack,his hands crossed under his head.他面朝天,头枕着手躺着。
Jack being away,John had to do the work.杰克不在,只好由约翰来做这工作。
▲名词或其短语作状语。如:
We walked ten miles to the town. 我们走了十英里到了这个镇上。
He came here the day before yesterday.他前天到这儿。
Wait a minute,please.请等一下。
▲状语从句
状语从句在句中用来修饰谓语、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其意思的不同,可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、比较、条件等九种状语从句,每种状语从句都有一定的连词引导,所以,我们在复习状语从句时,一定要把有关连词的意思、用法和注意事项弄清楚。下面我们对各类状语从句作必要的说明。
▲时间状语从句通常由when,while,as,as soon as,until,till,the moment,the instant,every time,once,directly,immediately等连词引导。如:
When I have finished,I’ll tell you.当我完成的时候,我就告诉你。
As soon as he arrives,he will start work.他一到达,就开始工作。
We knew that till he arrived nothing would be done.我们知道,直到他到达之前,没有办法。
The moment I saw him,I recognized him.我一见到他就认出他来了。
Every time he came,he would bring me some books to read.每次他来,总要带些书给我看。
They have been discussing this question since the meeting began.
从会议开始到现在,他们一直在讨论这个问题。
Once the film is made,all the young people will want to see it.
这部影片一拍好,所有的年轻人都会想看。
【注】在时间状语从句中,连词when和while的用法有所不同。when既可以指一点时间,又可以指一段时间;而while只能指一段时间,所以在while引导的状语从句中,不能用终止性动词。另外,在when和while从句中,只要从句的主语与主句的主语一致,在从句中就可以省去主语和to be,只用一个现在分词或过去分词,有时可在when和while之后直接跟介词短语。如:
When completed,the railway will connect the two cities.
这条铁路建成后,将把这两个城市连接起来。
While in London,Marx spent a lot of time studying in the British Museum.
马克思在伦敦的时候,用了很多时间在大英博物馆学习研究。
Be careful when crossing the street.过马路时要当心。
【注】as在时间状语从句中经常指一个动作的过程,所以从句大都用进行时态,如我们不能说as he came,但可以说as he was coming into the room。因为as he came表示动作已结束,而as he was coming表示一个正在进行的动作。
【注】当我们看到until或till引导的时间状语从句时要特别注意,当主句是肯定句时,谓语动词一定要用持续性动词;当主句是否定句时,谓语动词既可以是终止性动词,也可以是持续性动词。如:
We walked along the river until it was dark.我们沿着河散步,到天黑才回去。
I didn’t go to bed until the clock struck twelve.我直到十二点才去睡觉。
He didn’t know anything about it until I told him.直到我告诉他,他才知道此事。
▲地点状语从句
地点状语从句实际上只有两个连词,即where和wherever。如:
Put the medicine where he can easily get it.把药放在他容易拿到的地方。
Wherever you go,you will always find the same thing.不论你去哪里,你总会发现同样的事情。
Put a mark where you find a question.在发现问题的地方做一个记号。
Where the high building stands there used to be some low houses.
在那座高楼耸立的地方,原来有一些低矮的房子。
▲原因状语从句
原因状语从句由as,because,since,now that等引导。如:
As you are here,you had better help me.既然你在这里,你最好来帮助我。
Since you won’t take advice,there is no point in asking for it.既然你不听忠告,就没有征求的必要。
Now that you are here,let’s have a discussion over the question.
既然你们都在这里,我们就讨论一下这个问题吧!
I do it because I like it.因为我喜欢我才干。
【注】as,since,now that,seeing that等连词意思很接近,我们可以把它们作为一类放在一起与because从句作比较,as等从句所叙述的原因实际上读者是知道的,或是自己能看得出的,因而不是整个句子的重点所在,而because引导的从句是整个句子的重点所在。试比较下列句子:
As he is honest,we all like him.由于他很诚实,我们都喜欢他。
We all like him because he is honest.我们喜欢他是因为他诚实。
前一句重点在于说明我们都喜欢他,而后一句则着重说明我们喜欢他的原因,语气上显然有很大的不同,请体会其中的差异。
▲方式状语从句
方式状语从句通常描写一个人或物是什么样子,或者一件事是如何做的,其主要的连词是as和as if(as though)。以as if(as though)引导的从句,如讲的是与事实相反的情况,则要用虚拟语气。如:
Do as I tell you.照我告诉你们的去做。
The students do the maths exercises as the teacher has taught them.
学生们按照老师教的去做数学练习。
Just as water is the most important of liquids,air is the most important of the gases.
正如水是液体中最重要的液体一样,空气是气体中最重要的气体。
You should do the experiment as the teacher does.你应该像老师那样去做实验。
She opened her lips as if she were going to say something.她张着嘴,好像要说些什么。
He reached out his hand as though he were going to catch something.
他伸出手来,好像在设法捕捉一个什么东西。
▲比较状语从句
此类从句是提出一个事实或情况与主句表达的事情或情况相比较,有各种类型的比较,如同级比较、比较级,或两者同时增强或减弱的正比例比较,也有一增一减的反比例比较。如:
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