看中考试题,浅谈现在完成时态

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看中考试题,浅谈现在完成时态
 
河北省邯郸2672工厂中学/马卫平
 
现在完成时态是历年中考必考内容之一。现以2002年部分省市中考试题为例,对现在完成时态的用法分析归纳如下:
1.结束、结果 表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在产生的结果和影响。这一类情况可以细分为下述两种情况:A.表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束,常和just, now, already, yet, not...yet连用。already, adv.“已经,已”,常用于肯定的现在完成时态句式中; yet, adv. “还,尚,仍,已经”,常用于疑问、否定句式中;just, adv. “刚刚,恰好,方才”,常用于肯定句中。B.表示过去动作的结果,现在仍有影响,一般不用时间状语。
1.[甘肃]--         you         your homework yet?
--Yes, I         it a moment ago.
A. Did, do, finished           B. Have, done, have finished
C. Have, done, finished        D. Will, do, finish
[解析]问句句末有yet(还,尚,仍,已经),用现在完成时态;答句句末有a moment ago(刚才),用一般过去时态,所以选C。
2.[海南]--Has John come         ?
--Yes. He has         been here for 10 minutes.
A. yet, already                B. already, yet
C. already, already            D. yet, yet
[解析]根据上面分析, yet 常用于疑 、否定句式中;already常用于肯定的现在完成时态句式中;本题应选A。
2.继续 表示过去已经开始,持续到现在,而且还能继续下去的动作或状态,往往和表示一段时间的状语连用,如:today, this week, lately, these days, in the past few days, by the end of, for+时间段,since+时间点,since+从句(用一般过去时态)
1.[吉林]The 2002 World Cup Soccer Match         for over 20 days since May 31 st.
A. has begun      B. lasted    C. began       D. has lasted
2.[辽宁]Hurry up! The play         for ten minutes.
A. has begun      B. have begun     C. has been on   D. began
[解析1-2]for+时间段引导的句子谓语动词必须为延动词,begin, catch, buy, borrow, lend是点动词,故答案为D, C。
3.[大连]Jim has been in the factory for two years         he left school.
A. when     B. since    C. as soon as    D. whether
4.[达州]I haven't had a good rest since I         my hometown.
A. left             B. have left        C. had left
[解析3-4]根据上述分析,现在完成时态中since引导的从句要用一般过去时态,故答案为B, A。
5.[安徽]--What did Mr Jones do before he moved here?
--He         a city bus for over twenty-five years.
A. is driving      B. drove     C. had driven     D. drives
6.[广州]They         about eight hundred English words by the end of last term.
A. will learn    B. has learned    C. are going to learn   D. had learned
[解析]根据上述分析,by the end of(到……为止)和for +时间段构成的时间状语常常用现在/过去完成时态,所以答案为C, D。
7.[海南]The foreign teachers have worked in that school         last year.

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