高三英语教案 Unit 14 Zoology [知识点拨]

奥地利科学家卡尔·冯·弗里希教授，一生中花去了许多岁月，研究蜜蜂在黑暗的蜂箱里是以怎样巧妙的方式传递信息的。
【点拨】amaze　vt. 使惊愕；使大为惊讶：
e.g. He amazed everyone by passing his driving test.
令人惊讶的是他竟通过了驾驶考试。
amazing “令人惊异的”；在西方人的口中，表示惊讶，经常可以听到amazing这个词。如果有些事情发生得出乎意料，难以置信，也可以用amazing来形容。
e.g. You’re amazing. 你真了不起。
It was amazing that the boy was able to solve the problem so quickly.那男孩能这样快地解完这道题,真是令人惊奇。
有些漂亮或另类的东西，总能吸引许多眼球，就可以说是amazing things.
e.g. I am always looking for new and amazing items.　我总是在寻找让我眼前一亮的新东西。
amazed 使（某人）感到惊奇，常用be amazed at / by 感到惊奇。
e.g. He was amazed at all the colours, and all the beautiful fish. 　　　他对五颜绿色和各种美丽的鱼感到惊奇。　　We are amazed at the changes in Beijing. I can’t even find where my old house is. 　　　北京的变化使我们感到惊奇。我几乎找不到旧房子了。
【点拨】＂．．．honey-bees communicate in their dark hives.＂是定语从句，其先行词
是＂ways＂，＂way＂后省略了引导词 “that”,也可用 “in which”，也可以省略引导词．
　　　　e.g. Some English words are not spelt the ways that they sound.
= Some English words are not spelt the ways in which they sound.
= Some English words are not spelt the ways they sound.
一些英语单词不是像他们发音那样去拼写．

He built a transparent wall, through which he could observe what went on inside.
他安装了透明的箱体，透过它，可以直接观察箱内发生的事情．
【点拨】 “through which he could observe what went on inside”是定语从句，来修饰先行词，引导词是介词through加which构成．
在定语从句用法中介词+关系词是一个重点，介词后面的关系词不能省略，但是介词的后面不用that．
e.g.This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。
e.g. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?　 　　　 ＝Do you remember the day when you joined our club? 
注意：一些含有介词的动词短语中，其介词不能前置到引导词前．
　　　 e.g. The children whom the nurses look after are wery healthy.

In order to tell the bees apart ,he painted some bees with little dots of colour.
为了把蜜蜂区分开，他在一些蜜蜂身上涂上色斑．
【点拨】 tell apart 辨别；识别
＝distinguish…between…
= tell … from…;
= tell the difference between … and …
e.g. Some people can't tell blue from green.
在些人分辨不出蓝色与绿色。
Most new cars look so similar that it's impossible to tell them apart．
许多新汽车看上去象是一样的，不大可能把它们区别开来。
I confused Jim with Mike because I can't tell them apart．
我把吉姆和麦克混淆了，因为我分不清他们。
The two brothers are so much alike that their mother can hardly tell them apart．
这兄弟俩长得太相象了，连他们的母亲都难以辨别。

They trooped behind the first dancer, copying its movement.
它们成群结队地跟在第一只跳舞的蜜蜂后面，模仿它的动作。
【点拨】课文中 troop作动词用，意思是"结队而行"、"成群涌向"
(come or go together in a group)。用在句中时，句子的主语总是复数。　 e.g. The children trooped into the park.
孩子们列队走进公园。　 The game was over and the players trooped home.
比赛结束了，运动员整队回家。
Troop还有名词用法，作"一队"、"一群"解。　 e.g. a troop of visitors (一群参观者)。 　它的复数形式(troops)作"军队"解。　 e.g. We must have our own troops.
我们必须有自己的军队。
【点拨】copy原作"抄写"、"复写"解。 　 e.g. He is busy copying his composition.
他正忙着抄写他的作文。　 本句中的copy引伸作"模仿"、"仿效"解。 　 e.g. Please copy my actions.(＝Please act as I do. )
请照我这样做。　 "Good morning," she said, copying her mother's voice.
"早上好"，她模仿着妈妈的声音说。
You should copy his strong points, not his weak points.
你应当学他的长处，而不是他的短处。

Von Frisch assumed that the dance conveyed more information. 冯·弗里希想弄清这种舞蹈能不能说明喂食处有多远.
【点拨】 assume的用法 assume vt. 表示“假设，主观认为，假定；装出…样子；开始担任，承担…
e.g. We assumed that you understood the situation.
我们认为，你了解形势。
He assumed a well-informed manner but in fact he knows very little.
他装出一副见多识广的样子，而实际上他知之甚少。assume something to be 猜想某事如何
assume ignorance/an injured air
假装不知道，装出冤屈的样子
assume和given,suppose,supposing等词一样都可以引导状语.作用相当于if.
e.g. Supposing your father saw you know , what would you say? =if your father saw ……
Assuming that the weather is favourable, Farmers will have a bumper harvest. 假如风调雨顺，今年农民将获丰收。
assumed 假装的，假的；假定的，设想的：
e.g. an assumed cheerfulness伪装的高兴，
an assumed result假定的结果，
His look of astonishment was assumed.他那惊讶的样子是装出来的。 assuming自负的，傲慢的，过分自信的：
e.g. He is too assuming in this attitude about the energy supply.
他在对待能源问题的态度上实在显得过于自信。 assumption假定，异端；自负，傲慢；假装
e.g. We are going on the assumption that the work will be finished tomorrow. 我们在根据明天可以完工这一假定办事。

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