高三英语教案 Unit 14 Zoology [知识点拨]

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【点拨】 simply的意思和用法
(1)simply是副词,在对话中意为“really(真正)”、“very (much)(非常)”。
e.g. The film is simply wonderful. 这影片真是太美妙了。
She looks simply lovely. 她看起来的确可爱。
His pronunciation is simply terrible. 他的发音简直差透了。
They had simply no shame. 他们简直不知羞耻。
(2)simply亦可解释为“朴素地”、“朴实地”、“无装饰地”。
e.g. He is simply dressed. 他衣着朴素。
(3)simply还可作“仅仅,只不过”解,相当于only。
e.g. It is simply a question of time. 这只不过是个时间问题。
You must believe me simply on my word. 你必须完全照我的话相信我。
It is simply a matter of working hard. 此事只是努力去做的问题。
(4)还可解释为“简单地”、“简明地”。
e.g. The cake is made quite simply. 这糕做起来很简单。
The teacher explained the text quite simply. 老师简单地解释了一下课文。

What may be of greater importance is to observe how primates live in the world.
比较重要的事情是观察灵长目动物是怎样生活的.
【点拨】这个句子涉及到 “of+抽象名词”相当于该名词相应的形容词。不过,这种结构常用于较正式的场合,书面语中尤为常见。再看下面几个句子:
e.g. This book will be of great value to him in his students. (=Be very valuable)
  The book is of much interest. (=Be very interesting)
常用于这一结构的修饰语还有:great,little ,some ,any, no, not, much等
常见的抽象名词有importance, value, use, help, benefit(利益、好处),significance(意义、重要性)。最后需要提及的是,“be of + 名词”结构的否定形式一般采用否定名词的做法:
“be of no + 名词”。
e.g. He is of no colour, for he has been ill for two weeks.
他毫无血色,因为他患疾两周了。
As far as the study of English was concerned, what he said was of no point.
就学习英语而言,他所讲的并未切中要害。
“be of +名词”还可以表达以下几种意义:
1、表示“具有,具备”
  e.g. Her story is of some colours of the truth.
她的故事有点真实感
   The party's 12th congress is of epoch making significance.
党的十二大具有划时代的意义。
2、表示“属于”
 e.g. The products are of first-rate quality.
这些产品的质量是属于第一流的。
3、表示“包含”、“包括”、“类别”等
e.g. The Americans are of almost all colures and races.
美国人几乎包括各种各样的肤色及种族。
His whole life was of best glory.她的一生是非常光荣的。
4. 这种结构还可表示“年龄”.“出身”“等级”等
We are of the same age. 我们年龄相同。
He was of noble birth and high rank. 他出身于高贵门庭。

Grammar
情态动词表推测
一、对目前的行动或状况的推测(情态动词+do)
(1)、在肯定句中,表示很有把握的推测时用must,而不太有把握时则用may, might或could,三者依次could的语气最弱。
  e.g. You must be very tired. 你一定很累。
     (= I am sure that you are very tired.) ( 很有把握)
   You may / might / could be very tired. 你可能很累吧!
     (=Perhaps / Maybe you are very tired.)(不太有把握)
(2)、在否定句中,can't 则表示“不可能”,语气最强,而相应地may not, might not 语气弱些,表示“可能不”。
   e.g. He can't be at home. 他不可能在家。(很有把握)
    He may not / might not be at home. 他可能不在家。(不太有把握)
(3)、疑问句中,通常用can表推测。
   e.g. — Someone is knocking at the door.
     — Who can it be ? 可能是谁呢?
      Where can he be now? 他现在有可能在哪呢?
 二、对过去的动作或状况的推断常用“情态动词+have done”。语气强弱与以上三点相同,可依次类推。但表示“过去不可能”时,除了可用can't have done之外还可用couldn't have done。
  e.g. He must have gone to Wuhan. (肯定已经去了)
    He may / might / could have gone to Wuhan. (可能已去了)
    He can not / could not have gone to Wuhan. (不可能已去了)
    Can he have gone to Wuhan? (可能去了吗?)
can(could)/may(might)/must/will等+have+done用来对过去发生的情况做出语气强
弱不同的推测。具体使用时请注意以下几点:   ① can一般用于疑问句和否定句, 极少用于肯定句。    e.g. ---Can she have gone to school?     ---No, she can't have gone to school. I saw her just now.   ② may表推测,一般不用于疑问句;疑问句中该用can, could或might。    e.g. How could he have forgotten such an important thing? (不用may)     Might you have met him somewhere? (不用may)   ③ could, may, might 用于肯定句语气较弱,must用于肯定句语气很强; may,
might 用于否定句语气较弱,can, could 用于否定句语气很强。    e.g. He could/may/might have gone to school. 他可能上学去了。      He must have gone to school. 他肯定是上学去了。      He may/might not have gone to school. 他也许没去上学。      He can't/couldn't have gone to school. 他肯定没去上学。   ④ must表推测,一般不用于否定句;否定句中该用can或could。     误:We mustn't have met before.     正:We can't have met before.  needn't + have + done 可用来表示“已做了多余的事”。  e.g. There is no school today. You needn't have come.   could + have + done 可用来表示没做某事的“遗憾”。   e.g. She came here on foot, but she could have come by bus.   could / might + have + done 也可用来表示委婉的批评。    e.g. You could have come 5 minutes earlier.     You might at least have written me a letter.  在反意问句中,表推测的情态动词不出现在简短问句部分,取而代之的应是情态动

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