高三英语教案 Unit 10 American literature (Grammar)

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典型例题
1.The _____is just around the corner and you won’t miss it.
A.bicycle’s shop B.bicycle shop C.bicycles shop D.bicycle’s shop
【题解】选B。名词做定语如表所属关系有两种情况:①有生命的东西要加’s;②无生命的东西常用of。名词做定语如不表所有关系,往往只用名词单数形式。表示什么样的商店要用名词单数形式修饰shop。译文:自行车商店就在拐角处,你不会错过它的。
2.They sold ____boxes of such sweets last week.
A.four dozen B.four dozens C.four dozens of D.four dozen of
【题解】选A。dozen与数词或many,several等词连用时,一般不用复数形式,故B、C两项不选。此外,dozen与数词连用作定语时,一般也不加of。但在Two dozen of these are wanted一句中,dozen后面有of是因为有限定词these(或the,his,her,my their等)。Dozens of people were hare一句中,dozens of表示“很多”。
3.On the ground on some hay _____a peasant boy of not more than seventeen.
A.lie B.lying C.lay D.laid
【题解】选C。lay是lie的过去式,由介词短语前置而引起的主谓倒装。以下三个动词常易混淆,需经常练习。
lie,lay,lain,lying(躺)
lay,laid,laid,lying(摆放,产卵)
lie,lied,lied,lying(说谎)
此外还有:
wind,wound,wound,wingding(蜿蜒)
wound, wounded,wounded,wounding(使……受伤)
find,found,found,finding(找到)
found,founded,founded,founding(建立)
4.He said that he would write to us but so far we _____ from him.
A.haven’t heard B.didn’t hear
C.should not heard D.hadn’t hear
【题解】选A。so far通常与现在完成时连用,转折连词but前是回忆他的话,but后是目前的结果“未收到他的信”,but后不应当是过去时或过去完成时,因此排除B、D两项。C项与句意不符。
5.It was obvious that the man ____driving on the freeway for almost an hour when he ____that he must come back.
A.was;told B.had been;was told
C.had been;told D.was;was told
【题解】选B。只有had been driving能与时间状语for almost an hour连用,而第二空只能用被动语态,满足这两个要求的只有B项。
6.Either Tom or I ______to blame.
A.to be B.am C.are D.is
【题解】选B。当两个主语由连词or,either…or,neither…nor,not only…but also…等连接时,谓语动词要与邻近它的主语一致。这里与谓语邻近的主语是代词I,所以系动词要用am。如:Not only Alice but also her friends have come. Neither the teacher nor the students are introduced to my wife.
7.One dollar and eighty-seven cents _____enough for the coat.
A.is B.are C.has D.have
【题解】选A。表示时间、距离、重量、长度、度量、价值等的复数名词做主语时,一般把它看作一个整体,谓语动词一般用单数形式。如:
Twenty pounds is not heavy.
Five weeks off is a good vacation.
8.This is the second time I _____by him;I shall never trust him again.
A.was let down B.have been let down
C.have been put down D.am let out
【题解】选B。在This/It is the first/second…last time后面的从句一般用现在完成时。如:
This is the first time I have been here.但是在It is time后的从句是虚拟语气,往往用过去式。如:
It is(high)time that we went to school.(有时也可用should加原形动词)。词组let down意为“使失望”“拆台”;put down意为“放下”“镇压”“记下”;let out意为“发出”“泄露”,根据意思和语法,B为最佳答案,意思为“这是他第二次拆我的台,我再也不相信他了”。
9.If you go out,who will _____the lady?
A.attend to B.care of C.look for D.take care
【题解】选A。attend to意为“照顾”“看护”,其中的attend是不及物动词。attend也可作及物动词,意为“出席”“参加”“上(学)”“听(课)”“医治”等。
10.Della went back to her room,_____to buy her husband Jim a present.
A.with her mind making up B.her mind making up
C.with her mind made up D.her mind being made up
【题解】选C。用介词with引起的短语常起伴随状语的作用。本句中短语的分词应为过去分词,表示“决心已下”,具有完成和被动的含义。所以A、B两项都不对;D项为独立主格结构,但其分词部分为现在分词的被动式,表示一种进行时的被动,也不对。

语法指南
复习各种时态
英语中不同时间发生的动作要用不同的动词形式来表示,这就是动词的时态,英语动词共有十六种时态,现将常用的几种归纳如下:
▲一般现在时
一般现在时可用来表示普遍真理或客观事实。如:
Light goes faster than sound.光比声音传播速度快。
Two plus three is five.二加三等于五。
The earth moves around the sun while the moon moves around the earth.
地球绕着太阳转而月亮绕着地球转。
▲经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态
America is growing older today.10 out of every 100 Americans are over 65.
美国是一个人口正趋于老化的国家,每一百个美国人中就有十人年龄超过六十五岁。
Tom gets up at 6:00 and goes to school at 7:30 every morning.
汤姆每天早上六点起床,七点半上学。
Suzhou is a beautiful city.苏州是一座美丽的城市。
▲表示现在时刻发生的动作或存在的状态。
Here comes Mr Wang.王先生来了。
What time is it now?现在几点?
Now,look,I open the door.你瞧我现在开门。
▲表示计划、安排好的将来的动作。如:
I leave for Shanghai next Tuesday. 我下周二去上海。
His birthday falls on May 4.五月四日是他生日。
They attack at midnight.他们定于午夜发起进攻。
▲在时间、条件从句中,用一般现在时表示将来的动作。如:
If it rains tomorrow,we’ll have to stay at home.如果明天下雨,我们只得呆在家里。

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