高三英语教案 Unit 10 American literature (Grammar)
I’ll ten him the news as soon as he comes hack.他一回来我就告诉他这个消息。
▲舞台动作说明、运动解说、剧情介绍等。如:
Smith passes to Tom,Tom to Jack,Jack to Simons,nice ball——and Smith shoots.
史密斯传给汤姆,汤姆传给杰克,杰克传给西蒙,好球!——史密斯射门。
Shylock advances toward Antonio and prepares to use his knife.
夏洛克向安东尼奥走去,准备动刀了。
▲一般过去时
表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。如:
I used to go to school early.我过去总是很早去学校。
Every morning I took a walk when I lived in the country.我住在乡间时,每天早上都去散步。
▲过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。如:
Where were you yesterday?昨天你在哪里?
I met Alice in the street but we didn’t stop to talk.
我在街上遇到了艾丽丝,但我们没有停下来聊天。
Did you enjoy the film?你喜欢那部电影吗?
▲在口语中,一般过去时可用来代替一般现在时,表示婉转的语气。如:
I wonder if you could help me.不知你能否帮我个忙。
Did you wish to see me?你要找我吗?
▲在时间、条件从句中用一般过去时表示过去将来发生的事。如:
They said they would all leave if Mike stayed.他们说如果迈克留下,他们就都走。
Mother promised to buy a bike for Tom if he passed the exam.
母亲答应如果汤姆考试及格就给他买辆自行车。
▲一般将来时
一般将来时表示将来某一时刻要发生的动作或存在的状态。如:
You will get wet if you go out without an umbrella.你出门不带伞会被淋湿的。
He will be sixteen years old next month.下月他就满十六岁了。
I am sorry I shall not be free tomorrow morning.对不起,明天上午我没空。
▲be going to表示现在打算在最近或将来要做的事,或表示说话人根据已有迹象推断可能要发生的事。如:
We are going to have an English evening tonight.今晚我们准备开个英语晚会。
It looks as if it’s going to rain.看上去天要下雨了。
I think he is going to leave soon.我认为他很快就会离开。
▲be+不定式,表示按计划安排要发生的事,或用来征求对方意见。如:
There is to be a party on Saturday evening.星期六晚上有个聚会。
Am I to go on with the work?这工作我还继续干下去吗?
I am to meet Mr Smith at eleven this morning.我要在今天上午十一点钟见史密斯先生。
▲be about+不定式,表示即将发生……,意为“即将”“正要”。如:
Let’s hurry. The meeting is about to begin.让我们快点,会议就要开始了。
The Smiths are about to start on a journey.史密斯一家就要去旅行了。
【注】be about+不定式表示马上就要进行的动作,故在句中与表示具体的将来时间连用,但可以和as或when引导的时间状语从句连用。如:
As I came,sha was about to go to the cinema.我到时,她要去电影院了。
When I reached home,Mother was about to go shopping.我到家时,母亲准备出去购物。
【注】will和be going to都可表示意愿,但前者多表示决心、意志;而后者表示经过考虑后的打算。请比较:
He is studying hard and is going to take the college entrance exams.他正努力学习,正准备考大学。
They will go their own way in spite of the difficulties.不管有多少困难,他们都决心走自己的路。
【注】will可用于条件句中表示意愿,这时will是情态动词。
If she’ll listen to me,I’ll give her some advice.如果她愿意听我说,我会给她一些劝告。
【注】上句中用在条件句中的will表示意愿,不是表示单纯的将来,但be going to可用于条件句中表示单纯的将来。如:
If you are going to visit the museum next week,please take Helen along.
如果下周你去参观那个博物馆,请带上海伦一起去。
【注】一般将来时还可以表示一种倾向或一种固有的特性。如:
All living things will die without air and water.没有空气和水,所有的生物都将死亡。
Water will boil if heated to 100℃.水如果被加热到摄氏一百度就会沸腾。
▲过去将来时
表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作,主要用在宾语从句中。如:
Jack said he would go to Hawaii for the holiday.杰克说他将去夏威夷度假。
I asked if he would come and repair my TV set.我问他是否可以来给我修理电视机。
I thought it would rain,and sure enough it did.我想会下雨,果然下了。
【注】从过去某一时间来看将要发生的事,还可以用were/was going to do或were/was to do或was/were about to do来表示。如:
He said he was going to try.他说他准备试一试。
I was about to go when a friend dropped in.我正要出门,来了一个朋友。
She was to meet Kurt at an appointed place on the street.她将和库尔特在街上约定的地方见面。
【注】was/were+不定式的完成式表示本来打算做某事,而后来没有做。如:
I was to have seen him last Sunday but he did not come.我本打算上星期天和他见面的,但他没有来。
I was to have told you about it but I didn’t have time to come over.
我本来要告诉你的,但我没有时间过来。
▲现在进行时
表示正在进行的动作。如:
The telephone is ringing.Would you answer it?电话铃响了,请你接一下,好吗?
They are making preparations for it.他们正在做准备工作。
▲表示现阶段正在进行,而此刻不一定在进行的动作。如:
He is studying English and teaching Chinese.他在学习英语,又在教汉语。
Professor Smith is translating a novel these days.这些天史密斯教授正在翻译一本小说。
▲有些表示“变化、移动”概念的动词,它们的现在进行时表示将要发生的动作,类似动词有go,start,arrive,return等等。如:
Are you leaving for Shanghai tomorrow?明天你去上海吗?
How many of you are coming to the party?你们有多少人来参加聚会?
▲现在进行时态与always,forever,constantly,continually等副词连用时,表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作,并且含有某种感情色彩,如赞叹、厌恶等。如:
▲舞台动作说明、运动解说、剧情介绍等。如:
Smith passes to Tom,Tom to Jack,Jack to Simons,nice ball——and Smith shoots.
史密斯传给汤姆,汤姆传给杰克,杰克传给西蒙,好球!——史密斯射门。
Shylock advances toward Antonio and prepares to use his knife.
夏洛克向安东尼奥走去,准备动刀了。
▲一般过去时
表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。如:
I used to go to school early.我过去总是很早去学校。
Every morning I took a walk when I lived in the country.我住在乡间时,每天早上都去散步。
▲过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。如:
Where were you yesterday?昨天你在哪里?
I met Alice in the street but we didn’t stop to talk.
我在街上遇到了艾丽丝,但我们没有停下来聊天。
Did you enjoy the film?你喜欢那部电影吗?
▲在口语中,一般过去时可用来代替一般现在时,表示婉转的语气。如:
I wonder if you could help me.不知你能否帮我个忙。
Did you wish to see me?你要找我吗?
▲在时间、条件从句中用一般过去时表示过去将来发生的事。如:
They said they would all leave if Mike stayed.他们说如果迈克留下,他们就都走。
Mother promised to buy a bike for Tom if he passed the exam.
母亲答应如果汤姆考试及格就给他买辆自行车。
▲一般将来时
一般将来时表示将来某一时刻要发生的动作或存在的状态。如:
You will get wet if you go out without an umbrella.你出门不带伞会被淋湿的。
He will be sixteen years old next month.下月他就满十六岁了。
I am sorry I shall not be free tomorrow morning.对不起,明天上午我没空。
▲be going to表示现在打算在最近或将来要做的事,或表示说话人根据已有迹象推断可能要发生的事。如:
We are going to have an English evening tonight.今晚我们准备开个英语晚会。
It looks as if it’s going to rain.看上去天要下雨了。
I think he is going to leave soon.我认为他很快就会离开。
▲be+不定式,表示按计划安排要发生的事,或用来征求对方意见。如:
There is to be a party on Saturday evening.星期六晚上有个聚会。
Am I to go on with the work?这工作我还继续干下去吗?
I am to meet Mr Smith at eleven this morning.我要在今天上午十一点钟见史密斯先生。
▲be about+不定式,表示即将发生……,意为“即将”“正要”。如:
Let’s hurry. The meeting is about to begin.让我们快点,会议就要开始了。
The Smiths are about to start on a journey.史密斯一家就要去旅行了。
【注】be about+不定式表示马上就要进行的动作,故在句中与表示具体的将来时间连用,但可以和as或when引导的时间状语从句连用。如:
As I came,sha was about to go to the cinema.我到时,她要去电影院了。
When I reached home,Mother was about to go shopping.我到家时,母亲准备出去购物。
【注】will和be going to都可表示意愿,但前者多表示决心、意志;而后者表示经过考虑后的打算。请比较:
He is studying hard and is going to take the college entrance exams.他正努力学习,正准备考大学。
They will go their own way in spite of the difficulties.不管有多少困难,他们都决心走自己的路。
【注】will可用于条件句中表示意愿,这时will是情态动词。
If she’ll listen to me,I’ll give her some advice.如果她愿意听我说,我会给她一些劝告。
【注】上句中用在条件句中的will表示意愿,不是表示单纯的将来,但be going to可用于条件句中表示单纯的将来。如:
If you are going to visit the museum next week,please take Helen along.
如果下周你去参观那个博物馆,请带上海伦一起去。
【注】一般将来时还可以表示一种倾向或一种固有的特性。如:
All living things will die without air and water.没有空气和水,所有的生物都将死亡。
Water will boil if heated to 100℃.水如果被加热到摄氏一百度就会沸腾。
▲过去将来时
表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作,主要用在宾语从句中。如:
Jack said he would go to Hawaii for the holiday.杰克说他将去夏威夷度假。
I asked if he would come and repair my TV set.我问他是否可以来给我修理电视机。
I thought it would rain,and sure enough it did.我想会下雨,果然下了。
【注】从过去某一时间来看将要发生的事,还可以用were/was going to do或were/was to do或was/were about to do来表示。如:
He said he was going to try.他说他准备试一试。
I was about to go when a friend dropped in.我正要出门,来了一个朋友。
She was to meet Kurt at an appointed place on the street.她将和库尔特在街上约定的地方见面。
【注】was/were+不定式的完成式表示本来打算做某事,而后来没有做。如:
I was to have seen him last Sunday but he did not come.我本打算上星期天和他见面的,但他没有来。
I was to have told you about it but I didn’t have time to come over.
我本来要告诉你的,但我没有时间过来。
▲现在进行时
表示正在进行的动作。如:
The telephone is ringing.Would you answer it?电话铃响了,请你接一下,好吗?
They are making preparations for it.他们正在做准备工作。
▲表示现阶段正在进行,而此刻不一定在进行的动作。如:
He is studying English and teaching Chinese.他在学习英语,又在教汉语。
Professor Smith is translating a novel these days.这些天史密斯教授正在翻译一本小说。
▲有些表示“变化、移动”概念的动词,它们的现在进行时表示将要发生的动作,类似动词有go,start,arrive,return等等。如:
Are you leaving for Shanghai tomorrow?明天你去上海吗?
How many of you are coming to the party?你们有多少人来参加聚会?
▲现在进行时态与always,forever,constantly,continually等副词连用时,表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作,并且含有某种感情色彩,如赞叹、厌恶等。如:
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